Latin is a key part of today's society. We get 73% of our words from Latin. That is more than we get from any other language. Words like: psychology, toaster and automobile all come from Latin.

Therefore it's no surprise that the whole language of chess is based on Latin (especially as Romans invented chess over 1 million years ago). For instance, knights are based on Roman horses, the sicilian defence is based on an opening developed in Brazil (Latin America), and en passant, is of course, Latin for: 'Oi! That's not how pawns move. You cheat!'

Has anybody ever come across any Latin phrases in everyday life?

I have, yes.

I like to fill in my scorecard in latin.

And before each game I like to dishonour the pope.

I always speak Latin when I am disabusing my parents of any notion with which I largley disagree.  Cheeze.

well what was it

Not bona fide Latin phrases, no...

I met the Pope once.  He used the urinal next to me in the Vatican cafe.  I wasn't that impressed.  And he was supposed to be a Pole.  Not really a robe filler.

Caecilius chessum interllegent

Caecilius will understand chess

 Ammo amat amas amammoth amanhattan amantidisestablishmentarianism 

I once watched Latin cricket. The rise and fall of the Roman umpire was most amusing

What about amalachite?

I once played Dai Young and after whupping his sorry butt he used some choice Latin phrases in congratulation.  Not being I scholar I can only really remember the phonetics something about "cogito ergo sum" and "concubitus per vestri matris vos turpis"  

When I visited Honduras a few years ago, I was really sorry that I had not brushed up on my Latin.

My favorite Latin phrase which I like to scream at full volume during my games to help me keep my Zen sense of decorum is:

Quantum materiae materietur marmota monax si marmota monax materiam possit materiari?

ieso christo num leokid de legato philodori non cedit

My mother still says to me every day after she has made my bed:

Semper ubi sub ubi!

To which I usually reply

Quod vos quoque. 

Iay useay atinlay allay ethay imetay.

~arlesCay~

The official motto of the City of Chicago is "u es mea" which means "Where's mine!"

I only know pig latin.