New in cosmology and fundamental physics

Well, Werner Von Braun, was just one of hundreds of Nazi scientists brought to America to get NASA started. Called Operation Paperclip. He was credited with the V1 and V2. 

V2 was definitely a rocket. That was in the 1940's. So, yes they have been launching rockets for 70 plus years. 

NASA does not publicize their helium balloon satellites for obvious reasons. On the other hand, Google makes no attempt to hide the fact they use them. They say one helium balloon satellite can last up to 190 days before coming back down.  They launch them regularly. 

It takes a lot of energy to break free from Earth's gravity. Makes sense to use gravity against itself (so to speak) via buoyancy...

... I know flat earthers dislike both gravity and buoyancy, but these are pretty basic and well understood forces so...

Actually, flat earthers believe in density and buoyancy, just not gravity. 

 Without the theory of gravity, heliocentrism falls apart. 

Like I'm saying though, it's all interwoven. Gravity is a fundamental force. Fundamental meaning... like the ground floor of a sky scraper. If you get rid of gravity heliocentrism falls apart, sure, but so does everything... the whole building falls down.

But there's a little thing called engineering, which is the practical application of math and science. It makes planes and medicine and computers and etc... so... the fundamentals of math and science are obviously not fake.

You're shouting "I don't understand how that can be true!" Well ok, you don't understand it, but planes fly, medicine heals, computers compute, etc... and as for answers to your specific questions, Elroch has been doing a good job so... there's just no reason to believe in a flat earth.

For 1000's of years density/buoyancy scientifically explained why things ascend/descend. 

Newton came along approximately 200 years after Copernicus to explain why water etc. sticks to a spinning ball despite the fact it can never be proven scientifically, only disproven. 

Density alone doesn't make things buoyant, you need gravity, but I'm sure someone has already mentioned this and you disagree for whatever reason.

I am interested to hear how flat earthers explain orbits... why do the planets move around in the sky but the stars don't?

MelvinGarvey - I would agree if the sun were some colossal fireball, however, it is more like a spotlight. Ever been in an auditorium?  Well, they often use spotlights when they want to light up a certain portion of the room while the rest remains dark. You can do this yourself in a dark room with a flashlight. Where you point the light is bright. Everywhere else is dark. 

With spotlights and flashlights the light source is blocked by some kind of material... indeed the light source is smaller than the structure it's housed in. A naked lightbulb (so to speak) illuminates a whole room.

So you believe there is a structure that is larger than the sun that causes the sun to act as a spotlight...

aoidaiki - they believe just as the ancient astronomers did. The planets are wandering stars. 

As far as gravity goes, take a balloon. Nothing in it and drops to the ground. Fill it with helium and it rises. Fill it with half helium and half air and it remains neutrally buoyant, neither ascending nor descending. 

Where is gravity? 

MG - A localized sun traversing over the face of the earth. Much like a flashlight moving over a level surface in a dark room. 

MG - If the earth were truly a globe why does NASA not have one single authentic photo of earth from space? And the images of earth they provide are all vastly different? 

Wandering stars describes their behavior, but it doesn't explain it... I could describe a cat with 5 legs and wings, but I wouldn't be able to explain it

As for your buoyancy question... one way to think of it is not that the helium balloon rises, but that the air above it falls down past the balloon. If something is neutrally buoyant, it's not heavy enough to push the air below it out of the way, and the air above it is not heavy enough to push it out of the way.

By the way this is Newton's laws of motion... an object at rest remains at rest until acted on by a force. Meaning the balloon can't fall or rise without a force acting on it. That force is gravity.

An example of mass without weight would be in space. In zero G you could have a jar of air and water, and the water won't collect at the bottom. It doesn't push the air out of the way because without gravity it has no weight, and no force.

If the sun is small like the size of the moon and very close to earth just as it appears, then why would you think it could or would light up the entire earth? 

In a dark room even a small light is noticeable.

MG - okay. Lots of stuff out there showing how NASA orchestrates their so-called outer space adventures etc. 

the further away the sun gets from the observer the closer to earth is appears to be. The same way clouds in the distance appear to be level with the horizon until they can be seen no longer. 

The image shows a flat earth map, with the parts in the sun at midnight GMT depending on the time of year... if this is inaccurate it would be easy to check by calling someone on that date in that part of the world and asking if it's day or night.

The problem is check out December 21st... that's an impossible shape for a spotlight to make.

Dec 21 looks really strange indeed. My understanding is that the sun/moon traverse inward/outward over the face of the earth much like a clock, during the year. 

If you really believe the sun is a spotlight then it could make sense... because like I said, a spotlight (or flashlight) has a blub inside a larger housing which only lets the light shine one way.

You could say that in the summer, the sun is inside of the housing and is a spotlight, but in the winter it moved outside of the housing, and also it gets closer to earth... the shadow in the middle is the housing structure between the earth and the sun. Then as we move on to summer the sun goes back inside, etc.

Umm... also winter is cold even though the sun is closer is because the sun gets colder during the winter and then heats up again during the summer.

None of that makes sense of course, but hey, it's flat earth, so just have fun with it

Yeah but, have you ever looked at a spotlight or a flashlight? It's so bright that you can't see what's around it, it just looks like a bright spot... and then at night we can't see it because, well, it's night.

And sure, it exists because people too photos of it, but NASA had them assassinated and the pictures were destroyed.

See, it's fun to make up stories