The TD should notify plaayers of the tie break system to be used BEFORE the start of the tournament. Also tie break systems are only used for the purpose of determining the final order of players never for monitary prizes which are properly destributed equally between tied players.

#1 Median System (MS) : The Median System (aka Harkness System) is calculated by totaling the final scores of each opponent of each tied player and then dropping the highest and lowest opponent's score).

#2 Solkoff System (SS): Is similar to #1 except that highest and lowest scores of opponents of tied players are not dropped.

#3 Cumulative System (CS): This system is appropriate primarily for Swiss System events. Final scores of opponents of tied players are not considered. Only the cumulative score by round as it would appear on a wallchart of each tied player is used. For example, if a player competed in a 4 round event drawing his/her opponent in R#1 and R#2 while winning in R#3 & and R#4 his/her final score is 3.0 with a CS tie break of 6.5 (0.5+1.0+2.0+3.0 = 6.5) A player who won in R#1, Lost in R#2, won in R#3 and won in R#4 has a final score of 3.0 with a CS of 7.0 ( 1.0+1.0+2.0+3.0=7.0). The rational is that CS rewards players who do better in the early rounds because they tend to face stronger opponents throughout the tournament than those who start the tournament more slowly.

#4 Kashdan System (KS) Like #3 above, scores of player's opponents are not considered. In KS a player's tie break score is calculated by his results as follows: a win = 4.0 points, draw = 2.0 points, a loss =1 point and a bye or other unplayed game = 0 points. This tie break system clearly rewards aggressive play.

#5 Most Blacks - self-explanatory

#5 Sonneborn-Berger System (S-BS) Used predominantly in round robin events where everyone has the same opponents. Each tied player's S-BS tie break points are calculated by summing up the final scores from each player he/she defeatad plus half the score of players he/she drew. Nothing is added for games lost or unplayed games. adding the final score of each

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