Christian philosophy

question 2

James 4:17 Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.

A person is innocent part of their lives.  It is possible to be so mentally ill that you never know good and evil, although I would disagree if you tried to convince me that all the people let go in courts as not responsible are that ill.   At some point the person knows good and evil and will chose evil at least once.

James 2:10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all.

They know good and evil and they are no longer innocent.

God will protect the innocent.  Aborted babies go to heaven.  Children that die very young go to heaven. 

There is little difference between true Judism and Christainity.  The Orthodox Jews are looking for Messiah.  The Messianic Jews recognize, like us Biblical Christians, that Messiah has come.  In hindsight the Jewish Bible said Messiah would come twice, but it not as easy to see in foresight.  All Christians were Jews at the beginning.  Every Biblical custom and sacrifice (not all customs-some are traditions) that the Jews do point to the same thing:  God, the Word, which has always existed, became a man, so that he could be the Lamb of God to take away the sin of the world so that God, the Father, would be satisfied over sin and impute His own righteousness to those that would recognize their sinful condition, impossiblity to please God themselves, and ask for Jesus Christ (the Word in human flesh) to pay the debt for them.

God said the Jews could not understand for our sake (the non-Jews).  God said the world would turn against them in the latter days (there have been more UN resolutions about and against Israel than any other country with only typically the US voting pro-Israel-we are there).  God promises many times to pour his spirit out on Israel in the latter days and He promised to defend them when all seems hopeless. 

God promised to bless those that bless Israel and curse those that curse them.  They are the 'apple of his eye'.  May Messiah come quickly.   

Jews that are trying to establish their own righteousness with their practices are on their way to hell.  May their eyes be opened.  Jews that worship in spirit and truth already believe and are seeking with their heart. God will have mercy and point them to His Lamb before it is too late.  God will move heaven and earth to send the gospel to a sinner that is seeking.  Abraham, David and all the OT saints were saved by faith in God, looking forward to their redeemer. 

question 4

 Romans 2:14 For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves:
Romans 2:15 Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;)

A person that never heard of Jesus Christ would be convicted by their conscience to seek a way to God. 

question 5.  I suppose you mean it is God's fault for the choices we make because he made us. 

We are given a free will.  I believe it could be because what is the use of billions of robots that do exactly what you design them to do when you want someone to share love with. 

 James 1:14 But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
 James 1:15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.