Debate between Theism (NOT Christian Theism) and Atheism.

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Lincoy3304

First, you’d need to understand modal logic to understand his argument. Have you taken a modal logic class? It doesn’t matter if you’re a modal skeptic to take one; you can learn about it and disagree with it.

Lincoy3304
Optimissed wrote:

Elroch seems to be of the same opinion as you. However, it isn't necessary to take a class because it isn't possible to prove that God exists.

God is beyond the material. Our minds cannot comprehend God. Therefore no proof is possible.

Your logic does not follow. Knowing that something exists does not entail comprehension of its existence. We know nature exists, but we do not comprehend nature.Therefore if he claims to have proven God exists, he's wrong and probably crazy into the bargain, since his other argument is that knowledge is necessarily incomplete and so no proof of axioms is possible. It hardly takes a genius to work that out though. You'll have to do better than that. Give his argument in English. If you can't do that then it's evident that you don't understand it, so then how come you believe it's correct?

I can give it in English. I have used no symbolic logic during our discussion.

Lincoy3304

Sorry I haven’t been here; I’ve been on family vacation. I’ve been going through different forums and threads without writing responses.

Lincoy3304

I’ll write a full explanation of an ontological argument soon enough.

Lincoy3304

Actually, I was struggling to write it completely all over again. I’ve written a brief but detailed explanation of it before on Reddit, so I’ll copy and paste that here.

Lincoy3304

I genuinely wish I could link it, but I can’t find it. Also, my computer died, and I can’t find the charger. However, I have a way that you can get to it: go on Reddit onto r/DebateReligion. Search, “Plantinga’s Ontogical Argument” or something along those lines. You should find a post by u/Human_Negotiation47 or u/Human_Negotiation_47, I forgot. Regardless, read that post, and post your critique of it here. I won’t be on that computer for a couple more days; I’ll be at a retreat with some friends.

Lincoy3304

Now Plantinga’s argument has none of that. Maybe by slippage of meaning of key words you mean that God is possibly necessary. That is not a “slippage”, but a key description that Plantinga used of God.

If god is possibly necessarily existent, then God is necessarily existent, and god is existent in the actual world, and God actually exists. There is no fault in logic there 

Lincoy3304

If there is, you’d have to point it out specifically

Lincoy3304

Could you change the font color in #57 - I can’t read it

Lincoy3304

I mean the black portion to white - my background is black

Lincoy3304
Optimissed wrote:

(1) If God exists then he has necessary existence.

This is a misrepresentation of his first premise. Plantinga says that it is possible (in modal logic terms) that a maximally great being exists. A property of a maximally great being would be necessary existence. Take the definitions of possible and necessary. Something that is possible in modal logic is true in at least one possible world. Something that is necessary in modal logic is true in all possible worlds, so imagine Plantinga’s argument like this.

You’re looking at a mansion. You know for a fact that this mansion has only one light switch. You decide to open one of its window blinds to determine if that light is on. If the light is on, the light is on in every room. 

(2) Either God has necessary existence, or he doesn‘t.(3) If God doesn‘t have necessary existence, then he necessarily doesn‘t.Thereforesad.png4) Either God has necessary existence, or he necessarily doesn‘t.(5) If God necessarily doesn‘t have necessary existence, then God necessarily doesn‘t exist.Thereforesad.png6) Either God has necessary existence, or he necessarily doesn‘t exist.(7) It is not the case that God necessarily doesn‘t exist.Thereforesad.png8) God has necessary existence.(9) If God has necessary existence, then God exists.Thereforesad.png10) God exists.

You mischaracterized his argument. The premises are not his.

God only has necessary existence from the point of view of this argument, which is the point of view of the person putting the argument forward. That is, it's clear that the person putting the argument forward has determined that God must have necessary existence and the rest is an attempt to rationalise that supposition.

The person putting forth the argument is claiming that in one possible world out of an infinitude of them, a maximally great being exists. As long as the concept of a maximally great being is non-contradictory, a maximally great being will exist in at least one possible world. That possible world may be just the being itself; nevertheless, it exists. 

The argument reaches the point where either God necessarily exists or necessarily doesn't exist and then we get (7), where the author claims that the latter is wrong and so the former muct be right. There isn't any argument for it or even any attempted argument. There's therefore nothing to refute. It's merely a statement of opinion, weakened considerably by the author's ineptness at logical analysis. I've certainly seen much better attampt at an ontologiccal argument but they all fail because, of course, it's impossible to define something into existence.

It's quite riciculous, since the author believes he can define into existence a maximally great being. Therefore THE AUTHOR MUST BELIEVE THAT HE HIMSELF IS A NATURALLY GREAT BEING.

Defining a being into existence is different than arguing for the being’s existence by what the concept of the being is. It’s like saying the Higgs-Boson was defined into existence

If you can come up with a better effort at an ontological argument, I'll see what I think but Plantinga's is so poor it's laughable. Since it doesn't contain an argument, it isn't possible to formally analyse it.

Plantinga’s argument has premises that infer a valid conclusion; I can show the formal deduction if you’d like.

Lincoy3304

I will, so give me a bit. I seem to have lost the proof, but I will find it

Lincoy3304
Optimissed wrote:

The outline in red is enough to see that all he's trying to do is tie people in knots.

Except, that’s not his argument

The premises may be someone's interpretation but it's still all nonsense because it isn't possible to prove something exists unless the attempt at deductive reasoning is backed up by observation.

I guess you’re an empiricist? I find that controversial

Otherwise it really is all nonsense.

I already asked you to show me what you consider to be Plantinga's formal reasoning and you haven't done so. If you can't produce the attempted proof, I have nothing to go on and I will naturally conclude that it's an attempt by Plantinga to confuse people. Show me the formal proof please.

Lincoy3304

Well the debate on empiricism probably needs to be settled before anyone can convince you of a non-empirically observable being. I have found the book in which I found the logical proof, but typing it out is going to be a pain

Lincoy3304
Optimissed wrote:

If you give me the exact reference, I'll summon the book up online.

The logical proof is in the blackwell (or Blackburn?) companion to natural theology

Lincoy3304

I’ve found the proof:

Ax = x is maximally great

Bx = x is maximally excellent

W(Y) = Y is a universal property

Ox = x is omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect

Proof:

Deduction

1 ◊(∃x)Ax pr

2 ☐(x)(Ax ≡ ☐Bx) pr

3 ☐(x)(Bx ⊃ Ox) pr

4 (Y)[W(Y) ≡ (☐(∃x)Yx ∨ (☐~(∃x)Yx)] pr

5 (Y)[(∃Z)☐(x)(Yx ≡ ☐Zx) ⊃ W(Y)] pr

6 (∃Z)☐(x)(Ax ≡ ☐Zx) 2, EG

7 [(∃Z)☐(x)(Ax ≡ ☐Zx) ⊃ W(A)] 5, UI

8 W(A) ≡ (☐(∃x)Ax ∨ (☐~(∃x)Ax) 4, UI

9 W(A) 6, 7 MP

10 W(A) ⊃ (☐(∃x)Ax ∨ (☐~(∃x)Ax) 8, Equiv, Simp

11 ☐(∃x)Ax (☐~(∃x)Ax) 9, 10 MP

12 ~◊~~(∃x)Ax ∨ (☐(∃x)Ax) 11, Com, ME

13 ◊(∃x)Ax ⊃ ☐(∃x)Ax DN, Impl

14 ☐(∃x)Ax 1, 13 MP

15 ☐(x)(Ax ≡ ☐Bx) ⊃ (☐(∃x)Ax ⊃ ☐(∃x)☐Bx) theorem

16 ☐(∃x)☐Bx 14, 15 MP (twice)

17 ☐(x)(Bx ⊃ Ox) ⊃ (☐(∃x)☐Bx ⊃ ☐(∃x)☐Ox) theorem

18 ☐(∃x)☐Ox 16, 17 MP (twice)

19 (∃x)☐Ox 18, NE