How to get a candidate master title or a National Master Title?

I can't believe all of the horrible information you are getting!!  This is right from the US Chess Website!?!

2 The Norm Criteria
The title system is based on the principle that a player must have a sufficiently impressive performance relative to a player whose rating was Y to earn a norm at the Y -rated level, and that the
player must have five such performances to earn the title. For example, to earn the 1st category
title (corresponding to a rating level of 1800), a player must have five performances that would be
considered impressive for someone rated 1800, regardless of the player’s actual rating.

3 Norm and Title rules
The following table specifies the set of titles, and whether a player needs to have attained an
established rating above the rating level to earn the title.
Rating Level Title Rating Requirement?
1200 4th Category No
1400 3rd Category No
1600 2nd Category No
1800 1st Category No
2000 Candidate Master Yes
2200 Life Master Yes
2400 Life Senior Master Yes
1. Norms can only be earned in events of 4 rounds or more.
2. A norm is earned toward a Y -title when a player’s total score in an event exceeds the value
CT , the sum of the Ci given in equation (1), by 1.0, assuming four or more games have been
played. If only three games have been played, and a fourth game is either a “bye” (coded as
“B”) or a forfeit win (coded as “X”), then the player’s total score from the three games must
exceed CT by at least 2.0. The computation for Ci
is computed relative to the opponent’s
post-event rating, not pre-event rating.
3. A player can earn norms regardless of being unrated, provisionally rated, or established.
However, to earn the title, the player must have an established rating.
4. A player’s results from an event apply simultaneously to every norm for titles not already
earned. Thus, a player may be working on several titles at once.
5. For the Candidate Master title, the player must have had or currently has an established
rating of at least 2000. For the Life Master title, the player must have had or currently has
an established rating of at least 2200. For the Senior Life Master title, the player must have
had or currently has an established rating of at least 2400.
6. Norms can be earned only in events that are part of the US Chess regular rating system
(include dual-rated events), and not in Quick-rated-only events, Blitz events, Online-Quick
events, Online-Blitz events or Correspondence Chess events. Norms cannot be earned in
matches, or any event in which the player has competed against the same opponent more
than twice. If a player has multiple pairing numbers in an event (e.g., in an event with
multiple schedules that are merged together), the results under the combination of those
pairing numbers are treated as one when computing norms.

Scholastic counts.  Non member events do not count.

http://www.glicko.net/ratings/titles.pdf

There are two different titles being asked about.  One is the FIDE CM (Candidate Master) title.  The other is the US Chess NM (National Master) title.  There is also a US Chess life master title that can be earned one of three ways and which has muddied the waters of the discussion since it isn't what the OP was asking about:

1) Attain a rating of 2200 and hold it for 300 games

2) Get norms (old style norms pre-2000)

3) Get norms (new style norms which your document references) and have a 2200 rating at some time.

There is also a US Chess life candidate master title that is similar to the life master title.  I am guessing the OP was asking about the titles that are attached to some accounts and thus was looking at NM (national master) and CM (FIDE Candidate Master).  The US Chess Life titles would not be in scope.

Achieve GM norms in 3 FIDE-sanctioned Over-the-Board tournaments to become a GM, or 3 IM norms to become an IM.

The short answer: It's complicated.  There are a number of issues involved with gaining valid norms.

The long answer:

https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/B01Regulations2017