good idea
New "Abort Game" Alternative

It has already been suggested in a comment by @icystun (#18). He proposed that the turns before the king is claimable are 5.
The problem is that the player whose attack caused the resignation (or the disconnection/timeout) will not be rewarded with a free king. He may have to lose a piece to take the points, or he may not take the points at all.

It has already been suggested in a comment by @icystun (#18). He proposed that the turns before the king is claimable are 5.
The problem is that the player whose attack caused the resignation (or the disconnection/timeout) will not be rewarded with a free king. He may have to lose a piece to take the points, or he may not take the points at all.
It would be useful if we could distinguish two kinds of deadkings: 1. abort 2. resing
I wrote about it in here #5.

I don't think it's possible. If the outcome of a resignation is different than the outcome of the disconnection, this will give people the incentive to feign the second when their intent is the first.

I think the programmers should diagnose the reason of deadkings not after the method of disconnection, but after position of pieces.
Examples:
if the connection lost
- in the first 5 rounds, or
- when all of the pieces of the leaving player on the board
- when the leaving player has not "significant disadvantage" compared to others
- other?
it is abort,
else {resign}
And it doesn't matter if he press the resign button or close the browser or lose his internet connection.

The problem with someone resigning/disconnecting at the first 5 moves is not only the immediate disadvantage of the player opposite to him to get the dead king, but also the long-term disadvantage of being the closest target for the two remaining opponents. You can't really fix the second problem. I think that aborting the game will be the right thing to do in this case, with a small wait-before-new-game penalty for the player resigning/disconnecting, to discourage that kind of behavior.
A general note about automatic judgments of positions: It's a lot of work to do, and even if it's implemented properly it's still doomed to fail at some extreme cases. I am skeptic about this approach, without dismissing it completely though.

You are right. That long-term disadvantage couldn't be fixed. That's why the game should be aborted in the few beginning moves.
But there are another question: What should happen in the game if someone quit later (after 10 rounds)?
The king of leaving player
1. could be captured for +20 points. (if he was attacked and he resigned)
2. should be removed. (if he lost connection and only luck give points to someone next to him.)
And I agree with the penalty:
- eg. 5 minutes wait time before new game
- and in the game no matter how many points he has, the first quitting player would be the 4. ranked (and so on). So this could compensate a little the others in ratings - even who stay between the other two remaining players.

No, I don't think that timing-out should be punished by losing your points. Imagine that you are Red, you have checkmated Blue, but then the position became so complicated that you couldn't find a move and lost on time. Is it fair to finish 4th, behind Blue?

A non-automatic method of resolving the cases of withdrawing players would be to relegate the issue to the sportsmanship of the remaining players. Ask them if they believe that the player left because of a connection problem, or an unjustified resignation, allow the options [Yes], [No] and [I don't know], and if ALL players say Yes then the dead king will have no points (will be gray).

I think aborting and resigning are two separate things. I think penalty should only apply if someone aborts. Why should anyone be punished for resign?
But it is a very cool idea to give the judge to the others! I like it very much!
"and if ALL players say Yes then the dead king will have no points (will be gray)."
But this has a weak point: if one of remaining players has better chances to eat the dead king, he maybe just vote [No] to get +20 points.

@venbagoly imagine you are Red, I am Yellow, and I resign on move 6 for absolutely no reason. My hidden motive is that I dislike you, and I want to force you into a disadvantageous position. I receive no punishment whatsoever (other than my rating drop), and I join another game immediately. What would you think about that?

There must be some misunderstanding, because I do not say the opposite.
Above, in #9, I wrote examples of what counts as abort in my opinion.
What you wrote down in #16 is the same.
After you resign with no reason, this will be recorded as abort, so you will be entitled to punishment.
For example: the question appear to the remaining players, as you wrote in #13.
I think, the players in this situation vote you did unjustified resignation.
So you will get punishment. That's all.

Oh, OK then, we agree! I just took your question "why should anyone be punished for resign?" out of context.

But this has a weak point: if one of remaining players has better chances to eat the dead king, he maybe just vote [No] to get +20 points.
Make the votes visible to other players. If someone gives a profoundly wrong answer in order to satisfy his personal interests, I am sure that the other two players will find a way to punish him.
Basically, My idea is that if someone does not move in 30 seconds, The player that does not move, is kicked out of the game, (They Lose No Points) But the other three players have two turns to move til the aborted player's king is "Claimable" to make it fair to all the other teams,
Good Idea? Yes? No? Suggestions?
My idea is that the king turns purple when he is not claimable