Arguably, e4-e5 is also a loss of tempo, since it's a not a given that it's always better to move your pawns two steps forward instead of one. Both e4-e5 and c6-c5 means that each player is refraining from developing a piece. As has been pointed out by several posters here already, compared to the normal French Advance, Black has saved a move (3...e6), while keeping the option of developing the light-squared bishop outside the pawn chain.
It's very much a case of personal preference. I do play the Caro-Kann, and I prefer the traditional 3...Bf5 to 3...c5, and the latter move has the advantage of cutting down White's options.
I think I understand what you're saying, I'm not sure I would class e4-e5 as a loss of tempo, since White gets the pawn to e5 in the minimum time, but it's true that c6-c5 is now justified somewhat, since White advanced so soon with the e-pawn. I think I would class c6-c5 as "losing a tempo" (purely on the technical basis it took two moves to get to a square it could reach in one), but it's of course compensated for by that fact and so a fine move - and as you point out Black has not committed to ...e6. I think losing a tempo is not necessarily "bad" in this context, more the idea is not to strike too early!
c6..c5 might be a tempo loss, but isn't e4-e5 a tempo loss as well?
Don't think so - the pawn can move from c7-c5 in one move, but not from e2 to e5!
Arguably, e4-e5 is also a loss of tempo, since it's a not a given that it's always better to move your pawns two steps forward instead of one. Both e4-e5 and c6-c5 means that each player is refraining from developing a piece. As has been pointed out by several posters here already, compared to the normal French Advance, Black has saved a move (3...e6), while keeping the option of developing the light-squared bishop outside the pawn chain.
It's very much a case of personal preference. I do play the Caro-Kann, and I prefer the traditional 3...Bf5 to 3...c5, and the latter move has the advantage of cutting down White's options.