how do we take advantage from the opening mistakes our opponent does??

currently im going to study opening, but i found out that some players make the move that i didnt even see before!!

so how do we take advantage with this type of OPENING?? i have not enough time to think on how to exploit the mistakes!!! because its only 10 mins!! 

any suggestions?? or these are actually small mistakes that i could only exploit it when my long-term advantage reach?? or i have to play more games to gain experience??

Your position in the final diagram is quite good for white. Black has moved his queen twice in the first six moves and is already behind in development.

I don't think there is any fixed way to exploit the advantage of weak openings. Sometimes, the situation is such that the position can be immediately exploited with a quick mate or winning a pawn or a piece. But more usually it is not easy to immediately convert the advantage into something more tangible. The right thing to do in these situations is to continue to play well; continue to develop and continue to formulate a plan. For example, in the above final position I would probably play O-O.

Of course, it also depends upon what sort of weakness the opponent's opening has - it could be lack of development (as in the above case) or loss of space (which could be argued to be a little in the above case) or a blunder leading to loss of material. 

In my opinion, very weak players tend to blunder away pawns or even pieces; however, for stronger players (around 1400) it tends to be lack of development by moving a piece twice or bringing the queen out too early.

If you are playing speed chess (you say you only have 10 mins) then it is even more clear what to do - you simply develop your pieces as quickly as you can and then you will find that opportunities and good moves will come easily to you and it will be more difficult for the opponent. 

99% of the times if the opponent screws up the opening you're gonna have a small positional advantage, that will eventually count long term.

I know it's really frustrating if you study opening theory: we spend so much time and energy in studying the best moves, then we go against somebody that plays at random and we would like to be able to punish him right away. But chess is not memorization so even with subpar moves the game is still all to be played.

In short, you cannot expect to win out of the opening.

@corum :  thks so much~!!!  very helpful comment indeed!!

@plutonia : ya, really cannot expect to win out of the opening == and,LOL, absolutely agree with what u said in the 2nd paragraph 
 

Your annontations are extremely inaccurate.  I played Chigorin's Defense for about 2 years in the mid-2000s.  Black is fine after 1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nc6, and Black's 2nd move should not get a question mark.  He's fine after 3...Bg4 instead of the idiot move, 3...Qd6

in queen's pawn opening, freeing the c pawn is absolutely needed 
'
erm.....this is what i read from logical chess move by move by irving chernev..... 

yo thks~ 

When i first read this i thought  it was going to a long list of theory posted here. Then i saw comment 1. In a 10 minute game several mistakes are going to be made on both sides. First you have to be in position to take advantage of them. 2nd if you make a mistake at the time of theirs your in big trouble attacking theirs most of the time. 3rd make sure it is a mistake worth chasing after in a game.

Want to know how.... not during a 10 minute game as it obvious you could not find it. Have to sit down and take your time and play out that game move by move or practice with a slower time.

I would almost bet Black's intention with playing Qd6 was to follow with e5.  I only say that cause I actually do that in some rare games and the only move that stops me from 4. e5 is c4.  Obviously no critique of my play is needed just saying. 

Im not saying this is correct play Im just saying that on some rare occasions I play this with various goals in mind.  I get bored sometimes 

I would definitely get away from 10 minute games....and play at least 30 minute games which you can place more thought into each move....your chess will improve steadily...as mine did....

As for punishing opponents in their mistakes....capatalize on position, development, restricting their development and purely make them pay ....

-God speed