Chess Tactics and Strategies by Piece

Pawn:

1. Promotion: Advancing a pawn to the eighth rank to promote it to a queen, rook, bishop, or knight.
2. Passed Pawn: A pawn with no opposing pawns blocking its path to promotion.
3. Pawn Chain: A diagonal line of pawns supporting each other.
4. Pawn Break: A pawn move that aims to open lines or disrupt the opponent's pawn structure.
5. Pawn Majority: Having more pawns on one side of the board than the opponent.
6. Backward Pawn: A pawn that is behind other pawns of the same color and cannot be advanced safely.
7. Isolated Pawn: A pawn with no friendly pawns on adjacent files.
8. Doubled Pawns: Two pawns of the same color on the same file, often considered a structural weakness.
9. Undermining: Attacking the base of an opponent's pawn chain to weaken their structure.
10. Pawn Storm: Rapidly advancing pawns to attack the opponent's king or position.

Knight:

1. Fork: Using a knight to attack two or more pieces simultaneously.
2. Outpost: Placing a knight on a secure square where it cannot be easily attacked by pawns.
3. Knight Tour: Moving a knight to attack multiple key squares in the opponent's camp.
4. Smothered Mate: Checkmating the opponent's king with a knight, where the king is surrounded by its own pieces.
5. Knight Maneuvering: Repositioning the knight to more effective squares.

Bishop:

1. Bishop Pair: Having both bishops, which can control long diagonals and complement each other.
2. Pin: Using a bishop to pin an opponent's piece to a more valuable piece or the king.
3. Diagonal Control: Dominating long diagonals to influence the game.
4. Fianchetto: Placing a bishop on the long diagonal by moving the pawn in front of it (e.g., g3 and Bg2).
5. Bishop Sacrifice: Sacrificing a bishop to open lines or weaken the opponent's king position.

Rook:

1. Rook Lift: Moving the rook up the board to switch files or attack along ranks.
2. Open File: Controlling or occupying an open file with a rook.
3. Seventh Rank: Placing a rook on the opponent's seventh rank to attack pawns and restrict the king.
4. Rook on the Seventh: Controlling the opponent’s seventh rank, often leading to decisive advantages.
5. Battery: Lining up two rooks or a rook and queen on the same file or rank.
6. Back Rank Mate: Checkmating the opponent’s king along the back rank with a rook.
7. Exchange Sacrifice: Sacrificing a rook for a minor piece to gain a positional advantage.

Queen:

1. Queen Fork: Using the queen to attack multiple pieces simultaneously.
2. Queen Sacrifice: Sacrificing the queen to achieve checkmate or gain significant material advantage.
3. Battery: Lining up the queen and rook or queen and bishop to create powerful attacking threats.
4. Centralization: Placing the queen in the center of the board to maximize its influence.
5. Queen Maneuver: Repositioning the queen to more effective attacking or defending squares.

King:

1. Castling: Moving the king to safety by castling kingside or queenside.
2. Preventing Castling: Using tactics to prevent the opponent from castling.
3. King March: Advancing the king in the endgame to support pawns or invade the opponent's position.
4. Opposition: Using the king to control key squares in the endgame, often in pawn endgames.
5. King Safety: Ensuring the king is safe from attacks during the middlegame.

P.S. Thanks to ChatGPT for making a list