The common names for each piece and the rules.

When you are first learning how to play Chess, you have to learn the common names of the piece's and the rules.

The little pieces all along the front of the other row are all the pawns 

The ones that look like horse's are your Knights 

The ones that look like a castle are your rooks 

The one that is beside your king and queen are your Bishop's 

Then you have your Queen    and your King  

The Rules To Chess

White is always first to move and players take turns alternately moving one piece at a time. Movement is required. If a player's turn is to move, he is not in check but has no legal moves, this situation is called “Stalemate” and it ends the game in a draw. Each type of piece has its own method of movement. A piece may be moved to another position or may capture an opponent's piece, replacing on its square (en passant being the only exception). With the exception of the knight, a piece may not move over or through any of the other pieces. When a king is threatened with capture (but can protect himself or escape), it's called check. If a king is in check, then the player must make a move that eliminates the threat of capture and cannot leave the king in check. Checkmate happens when a king is placed in check and there is no legal move to escape. Checkmate ends the game and the side whose king was checkmated loses.

I hope this is helpful for beginners!