Chess Imbalances

In chess, there are several position imbalances  that we can achieve in a chess game. Such as opposite side castling; one side castles long while the other, short. While some trade two minor pieces for a rook. However, what position imbalances benefits the other? what imbalance can help you reach a winning endgame and etc?

Opposite side castling is seen as signaling attack and defense across the board; the units not in front of the King are free for attack. Depending on the position (rooks on open files, bishops on long diagonals, no weaknesses such as doubled, backward or isolated pawns, knights in or close to the board's center for maximum"reach", the Queen has scope but isn't vulnerable to attack) it can be said who is better off. But along with the position goes the knowledge of how best to use the power of the position.

Imbalances make the play more interesting and less "draw-ish".

Specifically trading a single rook for two minor pieces is a material gain though.