In short it depends on the position. In long (very long) here's a nice article: http://home.comcast.net/~danheisman/Articles/doubled_pawns.htm
Doubling Pawn to free a line for your Rook

It can be a disaster (I should probably play hxg6 though).
http://www.chess.com/livechess/game?id=483382935
If you give your opponent an open file against your king, and the doubled pawn actually strengthens the centre (like here) it's probably a bad idea.

In short it depends on the position. In long (very long) here's a nice article: http://home.comcast.net/~danheisman/Articles/doubled_pawns.htm
Thanks a lot! This was exactly what I've been looking for!
Edit: Conclusion: A semi-open file by slight means is not a compensation for a doubled pawn.
Very often in my game the situation arises, where I have the opportunity to force the opponent to double his pawns and vice-versa.
However, I'm really uncertain if it's a good idea or not because it gives the Rook a free line.
I mean, when the Rook already has a free line, it really should be a nobrainer to force the enemy to double his pawns but what if not? How would you evalute this for each side?