How you learn new openings
Go over games of players that play the opening.
Get an understanding for the pawn structure, and piece placement.
Get an idea of the middlegames that arise from the opening.
I know I say this a lot, but I think it's useful, and I hope it works for people other than myself.
Go to chessgames.com (or use some database) and get 50-100 GM games.
Look at them quickly. 5-10 minutes a game and take brief notes like what area of the board (queenside, center, kingside) does each color play? Mainly with pieces or pawns? What pawn break was used? What common piece maneuvers were used?
At the LONGEST (100 games at 10 minutes each) you can finish at less than 1 hour a day for only a few weeks. I think this is a pretty simple and painless way to introduce yourself to a new opening.
Of course, I guess that's not so useful if you're a totally new player, and you want to learn something really broad like "1.e4 c5"
There are so many different types of positions that can happen after that so it's tough to start from scratch.
I guess first of all, I'd play it in blitz games, and after every game I'd take a break and compare the opening choices against a database or other reference material.
I still think looking at a few games is useful though. Maybe there's some famous Kasparov game that made you like the Sicilian to begin with for example. Maybe you can find a youtube video introducing some ideas.
Slowly you'll start to learn the most common variations.
https://www.chess.com/article/view/learning-an-opening-to-memorize-or-understand
https://www.chess.com/article/view/3-ways-to-learn-new-openings
https://www.chess.com/article/view/how-to-understand-openings
"... Overall, I would advise most players to stick to a fairly limited range of openings, and not to worry about learning too much by heart. ..." - FM Steve Giddins (2008)
"... I feel that the main reasons to buy an opening book are to give a good overview of the opening, and to explain general plans and ideas. ..." - GM John Nunn (2006)
"... If the book contains illustrative games, it is worth playing these over first ..." - GM John Nunn (2006)
"... the average player only needs to know a limited amount about the openings he plays. Providing he understands the main aims of the opening, a few typical plans and a handful of basic variations, that is enough. ..." - FM Steve Giddins (2008)
"... Everyman Chess has started a new series aimed at those who want to understand the basics of an opening, i.e., the not-yet-so-strong players. ... I imagine [there] will be a long series based on the premise of bringing the basic ideas of an opening to the reader through plenty of introductory text, game annotations, hints, plans and much more. ..." - FM Carsten Hansen (2002)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140627055734/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/hansen38.pdf
"The way I suggest you study this book is to play through the main games once, relatively quickly, and then start playing the variation in actual games. Playing an opening in real games is of vital importance - without this kind of live practice it is impossible to get a 'feel' for the kind of game it leads to. There is time enough later for involvement with the details, after playing your games it is good to look up the line." - GM Nigel Davies (2005)
"... Review each of your games, identifying opening (and other) mistakes with the goal of not repeatedly making the same mistake. ... It is especially critical not to continually fall into opening traps – or even lines that result in difficult positions ..." - NM Dan Heisman (2007)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140627062646/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman81.pdf