NM Dan Heisman has written a lot about this. I suggest you read some of his articles: http://danheisman.home.comcast.net/~danheisman/Articles/subject.htm
Here are a few on the subject of improvement to get started:
http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman54.pdf
http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman19.pdf
http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman68.pdf
http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman98.pdf
I dont know how to study chess