Evidence is not proof. Think about how courts look at it.
There is the evidence to indict, and there is the evidence to convict.
In a criminal trial, the evidence must remove all reasonable doubt.
In a civil trial, the standard is lower: preponderance of evidence.
Is there any reasonable doubt that chess is not a draw? No.
Then, there is mathematical proof.
We need stronger computers to reach that standard, perhaps.
Of course, but the question of the game state of chess is a mathematical problem, not a court ruling, let alone an empirical statement.
btickler In that article Carlsen admitted he made many mistakes in that particular game so the game was by no means a perfect game. We all know that the best computers play better than the best humans. We have known that for decades. Heck after I won the USA Correspondence Championship with a score of 13 1/2 out of 14--the next time that Championship was played the winners did not have near that high score and it was obvious computers had advanced and some of the players were using chess engines [as there were many draws.] I did not wish to buy and use a chess engine and that is why I stopped playing in the USA Championships.
So that article did say that Carlsen could not figure out that very complex 30 or so move endgame [and that was another mistake] And Carlsen did point out some of his mistakes. So what is your point?
I think you are saying in some instances humans cannot "reliably forecast if chess is a draw or not" ?
BUT there is no reason that humans cannot team up with computers to examine games!!!!
A game with many mistakes in it has nothing to do re the question is chess a draw when there are no mistakes!
There are many reasons Carlsen and other top players know chess is a draw. And a mistake filled game just proves that they are not as strong as computers. [and we already knew this]
Your statement "if there were no engines, you yourself would use this game as an example as how chess is a forced draw." Forgive the expression but that is total BS as Carlsen himself pointed out his errors which came before that complex endgame!! Also you do not seem to realize that Carlsen played his game with errors under tight time limits. A top player with all the time in the world can very often find mistakes made by top GMs because of time time difference.
Yes way back when there were no chess engines which were of GM strength there was somewhat less evidence that chess was a draw. But there still was enough evidence so that the top players knew chess is a draw. At that time I was crushing all my opponents but I had enough chess knowledge and evidence to know chess is a draw.
Now that computers and especially humans with computers and data bases and other things the top correspondence players use--there is even more evidence chess is a draw! As chess play becomes more and more stronger the evidence that chess is a draw becomes more and more compelling.