Chess Rankings Question

Hey guys,

I have a question concerning the Chess Point Ranking system. I'm new to the site and today I played my first game. I am wondering if someone could link me to the topic or explain to me how the rankings work. I obviously know that if you win your score goes up and if you lose it goes down. And i'm assuming there is some formula that integrates the level of opponent you are playing. 

 But there are some things I am unsure about. For example, what happens if you fail to make a move within the time frame allowed? I assume you automatically lose the match, but when adding or subtracting points from the respective winner and loser, does it add or subtract a small amount because you did not finish the game? I am wondering because of my game today. My opponent and I were both online so we were both making moves relatively quickly. Then, around turn 30, I make a move which will eventually cause him to be checkmated, at this point, he stops chatting with me although he is online. Its been several hours since the move and he still done anything. I am wondering if he is possibly stalling and waiting for the time limit to expire so perhaps he loses a lesser amount of points, but that is assuming that you lose less if the time expires. I know I am assuming the worse, most likely something came up and he just wasn't able to respond for awhile, but the situation ties back to my main question so I might aswell give the situation. 

Thanks,

Enlighter 

this is 2yrs after the last comment but this is pretty helpful