Intro to 1.e4 Defenses for Black (1...e6, 1...c6, and 1...d5)

If Black meets 1.e4 with a move other than e5 or c5, the main idea will be to place a pawn on d5. 1...d5 is possible, but risky because Black's pawn will be captured. More common is 1...e6 or 1..c6 to prepare d5 on the next move.