1.d4 and the French?

The Nimzo-Indian and Queen's Indian is really one complex of openings.

You can't play exclusive Queen's Indian, just like how you can't play exclusive Nimzo-Indian.  It all depends on White's 3rd move.

After 1.d4 Nf6 (the entire point of this move is to prevent e4) 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3, White now threatens 4.e4.  Black has 3 legitimate options: 1) 3...Bb4 - Nimzo-Indian - The pinning of the Knight to the King prevents 4.e4 as Black can just take it, 2) 3...d5 - Queen's Gambit Declined via Transposition - Black has a 2-on-1 advantage on controlling e4 or 3) 3...c5 - Modern Benoni Attempt, possible transposition to the English if 4.Nf3 - though most would play 2...c5 here unless their intention was only to play the Modern Benoni against 3.Nf3 and Nimzo-Indian against 3.Nc3, which is common so as to avoid the Flick Knife Attack.

The Queen's Indian, which comes after 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6, the only reason this is possible is that 3.Nf3 does NOTHING to promote an e4 push by White.  It will take 2 more moves to get in e4 for White, therefore, Black has 2 moves to prevent it, not just 1, so after 3...b6 4.Nc3, Black can go 4...Bb4 or 4...Bb7, both of which prevent e4 by White.

After 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 b6?!, White has a clear advantage after 4.e4!

As for your comment about the Slav and QGA - Again, some just don't have a "mate".  The QGA would be one of those.

As for your association of the Slav to the Dutch, it's a weak comparison if you ask me.  The ideas really aren't the same.  The Slav is another of those openings where Black's main goal is usually an endgame, with middlegame ideas of using the holes that White has created, like on b4 (after 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4 5.a4).  Placing his pieces in these holes and arriving at a favorable endgame is Black's primary goal here.  In the Dutch (assuming you mean 3...e6 lines as the Leningrad and Slav are like Fire and Ice), It's more about dealing with the Bad Bishop again (assuming White plays an early g3 preventing ...b6 and ...Bb7 and forces you to play a Classical or Stonewall), and getting that e5 pawn break.  Most endgames in the Dutch don't favor Black at all, especially if White has managed to maintain Black's weakness on e6 with an easy way to get to it (i.e. keeping a set of Rooks).  It's not that White wins the pawn outright, but uses the fact that Black's King must remain there to hold on to it to his advantage, and attack Black in other areas of the board.