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So last time we left off with William Tyndale praying to "open the King's eyes" to the need of English bible translations, before being executed while imprisoned in the Holy Roman Empire. Was his prayer being answered? Well... 1537: The Matthew Bible was published, under the official stamp of the state. As Henry VIII had a falling out with Rome over his marriage annulment, he was convinced to commission an english bible translation. John Rogers was commissioned to do a first draft, but he had to use a pseudonym because he was an assistant of Tyndale, who Henry VIII hated. Matthew used Tyndale's New Testament and Tyndale's additional translations of some Old Testament books (some unpublished) and lightly revised them.The Matthew Bible's was extremely influential on liturgy because it was used as the basis for the original Church of England Book of Common Prayer (BCP). 1539: The Great Bible was published under Archbishop Cranmer's name (although in reality most of the work was done by Coverdale, another of Tyndale's assistants). It translated the remaining books of the Old Testament, but from German and Latin rather than Hebrew. This translation became the official Church of England translation and a copy was sent to every church in england. It also had an impact on liturgy due to its use in later revisions of the the BCP. 1546: Robert Stephanus published a Greek New Testament based in his own set of manuscripts in the same vein as Erasmus before him. His version included the modern verse divisions for the first time. 1557: The English New Testament of the Geneva Bible was published, using Stephanus's greek text and verse divisions.Later the Old Testament would be translated from the Hebrew (unlike the Great Bible's Latin/German), using the verse divisions of Rabbi Kalonymus.The people preferred it because it was easier to read and sounded better. It also had extensive study notes from the Calvinists in Geneva, which were popular with the laypeople but not with high-church clergy who disagreed with their theology. 1568: The Bishops Bible was published by the Church of England in an attempt to compete with the Geneva Bible. It was also the first official translation for churches including the whole Old Testament translated from the original Hebrew. Nevertheless, people kept their preference for the Geneva bible. 1582: The Rheims New Testament was published by the Roman Catholic church in an attempt to compete with the Protestant translations floating around. It translated strictly and rigidly from the Latin Vulgate instead of the Greek and Hebrew, because of the catholic double inspiration view of the Latin Vulgate. This translation was later extended to the Old Testament to become the Douay-Rheims translation. 1611: The King James version was published. Clergy continued to dislike the Geneva Bible's notes because of their high-church theology, and King James disliked the Geneva Bible because its notes seemed to reject the divine right of kings. Therefore a new bible translation was created to replace the Bishops' Bible that would hopefully outcompete the Geneva Bible. The KJV was this translation, and while it was more successful than the Bishops' Bible, it too lost to the Geneva Bible in popularity. However... 1616: All bible translations other than the KJV were banned in England. King James did this so his bible can finally beat the Geneva Bible. Some continued printing the Geneva Bible anyway despite the ban, but it did reduce the circulation of the Geneva Bible so the KJV could take over. I can’t find a source for when this law was repealed, but at some point people started making bible translations again. 1755: Famous preacher John Wesley wrote a translation of the New Testament, although this was very similar to the KJV. It was used heavily in methodist circles at the time. 1800: Mary Jones walked 26 miles to get a Welsh-language bible she could read. This inspired people to found the British & Foreign Bible Society, which would spread to become many bible societies throughout the world; dedicated to bible translation and distribution. Founders of the British & Foreign Bible Society included prominent slavery abolitionists William Wilberforce and Granville Sharp (the latter of which also contributed to bible translation with the Granville Sharp rule). 1844: Biblical scholar Constantin von Tischendorf discovered parts of Codex Sinaiticus in St Catherine's Monastery in Sinai. He would later collect the rest of the manuscript. This was found to be one of the two oldest near-complete greek manuscripts of the bible (alongside Codex Vaticanus). Its age and similarity to Codex Vaticanus led Tischendorf to weigh them both very highly in the main text of on his printed Greek New Testament text. 1862: Robert Young wrote a translation of the bible called Young's Literal Translation, which to this day is the most literal bible translation in popular use. 1881: The New Testament of the English Revised Version was published; commissioned by the Church of England. This was translated from contemporary manuscript evidence and was heavily influenced by Tischendorf's printed greek new testament. The Old Testament was added later. It was the first widely popular English bible translation since the KJV. 1896: The Oxyrhynchus Papyri were discovered in Egypt. These were a large collection of greek papyri from 3rd century BC-7th century AD. They contained papyri fragments of the New Testament that are used today to confirm the accuracy of New Testament readings and manuscript traditions. In addition, the large number of non- biblical works in koine greek (which didn't really exist before) allowed a greater understanding of the koine greek of the New Testament; as well as the wider culture at the time: aiding future translation efforts.Much of the Oxyrhynchus papyri are still uncatalogued, so new discoveries are still being made. 1947: The Dead Sea scrolls were discovered in Qumran, Israel. These are works by a Jewish group called the Essenes, and include the earliest (partial) manuscripts of the Old Testament. They are used today as a highly important reference against the "standard" Masoretic text. 1966: The catholic Jerusalem Bible was published, translated from the Greek and Hebrew rather than the Latin Vulgate for the first time in an english catholic translation. This translation is approved for catholic services in all English- speaking countries except the United States. 1970: The catholic New American Bible was published. The US catholic church made it their primary translation for services, despite the fact it's study notes can contradict catholic ideas. This is a departure from previous practice of the catholic church, which was to supress the Wycliffe and Tyndale bibles due to their Protestant and proto-Protestant supplementary material. 1977: The first set of mass-market personal computers were released, paving the way for bible software. 1978: The New International Version (NIV) was published and became the first widely popular modern protestant English bible that started from scratch, rather than trying to update the KJV. It is now the most popular bible translation in the world. 1981: Verse Search was released as the first ever digital bible. 1983: The Internet was invented. It would later be upgraded with the World Wide Web to make it easier to navigate. 1993: Bible gateway was released, an early bible website. It is now the most popular bible website in the world and has translations in many languages. 2001: The English Standard Version (ESV) was published. It is rapidly gaining popularity among calvinists and complementarians (although it is a useful translation for people of other theological persuasions too); and this year the ESV catholic edition had been approved for church use in the UK catholic church. 2002: Eugene Peterson published the Message, a popular highly phrase-for-phrase bible translation (or not-translation), which pushes the boundaries of what counts as a translation. 2007: The iPhone was released, which was quickly followed by the release of bible apps. These are useful highly portable ways of people reading the bible, and are also useful for concealing and smuggling bibles in persecuted countries. 2008: The Orthodox Study Bible was released, which uses the New King James Version in the new testament and an English Septuagint translation in the Old Testament. It is widely used in english-speaking Eastern Orthodox churches. And from there it trails off. This doesn't reach a neat, satisfying conclusion because the story is still ongoing. The true conclusion to this story is when Jesus returns, and we will no longer need bible translations. But this hasn't happened yet. In any case, those reading, give me your thoughts.

Rating Range: < 1100 ALLELUIA CUP Praise You in this Storm

Part 1 is here: https://www.chess.com/clubs/forum/view/a-history-of-bible-translation-part-1-the-biblical-period Part one gave a timeline of the formation of the bible and translations of it that were made alongside; finishing with the writing of the New Testament. In this thread, we follow the timeline further after the New Testament is created. We also focus in on the translations in a created in one particular language: English. There's nothing particularly special about English of course, it just happens to be my native language I know more about it. Do give comments about how bible translation has gone through history in your own native language. During this period, English started as a language and evolved into its modern form. Towards the end the printing press was invented, and this has huge implications on bible translation and distribution, as well as the on languages themselves including English. This timeline finishes with some of the consequences of the invention of the printing press, as people used it to spread their ideas and writings. 2nd century: The Peshitta Syriac translation of the Old Testament was created. Modern translations use this as a reference in the Old Testament, against the "standard" Masoretic text. Later, the New Testament would be added to this translation, and it is used by Syriac churches today. 4th Century: The Emperor Constantine, after ending persecution of Christians and commissioning a church council; commissioned the 50 bibles of Constantine. These are 50 large bound bibles made of high-quality material.We have two near-complete bibles from this period (Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus). It is possible one or both of them made up the 50 bibles of Constantine. These bible manuscripts, due to their age, completeness, and alignment with each other and older papyri fragments; have become the most important manuscripts in modern new testament translations.Also in this period, Jerome wrote his Latin translation of the bible, called the Latin Vulgate. Initially he tried to exclude the Deuterocanon from this but was pressured into including it. He also made a point to translate the Old Testament from the Hebrew rather than the Greek Septuagint that was widely used by Christians at the time. This translation has had an enormous impact on the west ever since. 5th Century: Groups of Germanic people began invading England, bringing their language and culture with them. Previously England spoke an ancestor of Welsh and Irish called Common Brittonic. Because of this invasion, they started speaking Old English (aka Anglo-Saxon). 6th Century: The Masoretic Jews start diligently copying the Old Testament. They also added diacritical marks to say how it is supposed be pronounced. This Masoretic Text is the main standard for the Hebrew bible text even today (with slight deviations with insight from e.g. the Dead Sea Scrolls). 8th Century: The Venerable Bede, also known for writing a history of England; wrote a translation of the Gospel of John into into English (which may be lost, or may be incorporated into the Lindisfarne gospels). 9th Century: Alfred the Great performed education reforms in England, greatly increasing the literacy in England and the respect for the English language (as opposed to Latin). This greatly increased the amount of works at the time written in English. 10th Century: The Wessex gospels and the English gloss to the Lindisfarne gospels were penned. These are the earliest English translations of the gospels we still have today. Part of the Lindisfarne gospels may also have been copied from Bede's even earlier translation.Also written at this time were the earliest complete Hebrew Old Testament manuscripts we have today, e.g. the Aleppo Codex. 1066: The Norman invasion of England caused Norman French to replace english for the english aristocracy. Old English began to take loan words from Norman French, eventually becoming Middle English. 13th century: The Bible Historiale was published and became the main medieval French bible translation.Also, Archbishop Stephen Langton proposed the biblical chapter divisions we use today. 14th century: English (now Middle English) returns popularity with the upper classes in England due to conflicts with the French.Also, John Wycliffe founded the Lollards; which created the first known an English translation of the whole bible called the Wycliffe Bible. This was translated from the Latin Vulgate due to lack of manuscript access and language knowledge on behalf of the Lollards. They used it extensively, going from town to town doing long bible readings and biblical interpretation. The Catholic church and secular authorities didn't like it very much because it often came alongside things like the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards, which describes Lollard views. The Lollards were proto-protestants. They thought the established churches in England and Rome were corrupt & illegitimate, were in favour of the separation of church & state, of simple living, of the priesthood of all believers and (nominally) of pacifism; and opposed ordination ceremonies, celibacy of priests monks & nuns, gluttony, homosexuality, transubstantiation, the crusades, exorcisms, hallowings, prayers for the dead, pilgrimages, icons, crucifixes, relics, confession to priests, abortion, and church art. Things turned more sour towards the Lollards in the eyes of the state when some Lollards became leaders of the peasants' revolt, even though Wycliffe tried to distance himself from it (partially because of his pacifism).As a result, the Wycliffe Bible and the Lollards faced suppression from both the state and the church. One person heavily influenced by Wycliffe & the Lollards was John Huss, who taught in Prague until he was executed for heresy due to his Lollard-like views. The Hussites produced bible translations in Hungarian and Czech and inspired other bible translators like Martin Luther. 1440: Rabbi Isaac Kalonymus proposed the Old Testament verse divisions we use today in his Hebrew bible concordance. 1455: The printing press was invented in Gutenberg, whose first printing was a copy of the bible. The printing press made it much cheaper and easier to print bible translations (as well as other works, leading to an accelerated exchange of ideas). 1516: The priest Erasmus produced another Latin translation of the New Testament, updated for linguistic beauty and accuracy to the original greek. Alongside he published a printed greek edition of the new testament he assembled from the manuscripts he could get his hands on. This greek new testament would be very influential in later new testament translations. 1522: Famous Protestant reformer Martin Luther produced the German-language translation of the New Testament: the Luther Bible, translating from Erasmus's greek text. He would later add the Old Testament as well, translating from the greek Septuagint. He and others used the printing press to make many copies of his bible translation, as well as other documents like his 95 theses. 1526: William Tyndale, heavily influenced by Martin Luther and by the Lollards; completed his English translation of the New Testament (now in early Modern English). He published it using the newly-invented printing press, allowing him swift and cheap replication. Unlike Wycliffe, he translated from the Hebrew and Greek instead of Latin. Alongside this, he translated Martin Luther's introductions to the biblical books from German, although he edited them where they disagreed with his own theology (e.g. the real presence at the Eucharist and the place of James in the bible).Tyndale was not liked by either the church or the state because of his strong Protestant/Lollard beliefs and his outspoken opposition to Henry VIII's marriage annulment to Catherine of Aragon. In addition, the roman catholic church had gained a double inspiration view of the Latin Vulgate, much like some KJV-only folk today, so attempts to move to the Greek and Hebrew were seen as subverting the inspired Vulgate. Attempts to suppress the Tyndale bible itself largely failed because the printing presses just printed more. But as for Tyndale, he got expelled from England to the continent, and was eventually executed on the orders of the Holy Roman Emperor. His final words were "Lord, open the King of England's eyes". Was his prayer answered? Well, look out for the next thread to find out... In the meantime, give your comments on this part of bible translation history and my take on it. Also, part 3 is here: https://www.chess.com/clubs/forum/view/a-history-of-bible-translation-part-3-tyndales-legacy-and-the-proliferation-of-the-bible

This thread is taken from one I made for another club Strictly Bible, but split up into bits. In these threads I will be going over the history of the bible translation, using a timeline starting from the very beginning. In later threads this will focus on English bible translation, but this thread will centre around the formation of the bible and early efforts at bible translation in the biblical period. This is my view so is has biases, of course. Do read it and tell me what you think. Late 13th Century BC: the Pentateuch/Law of Moses (first five books of the bible) was put together from Moses's notes shortly after his death, as described at the end of Deuteronomy and the beginning of Joshua (I'm a believer in the late date exodus, early daters would place this 15th century BC). This is the earliest part of the bible we have a solid date for, although some contend Job is older.As Moses probably knew Egyptian Hieratic language in addition to Hebrew, there's a chance he had some translations in his notes for the sake of the "mixed multitude" who came out of Egypt with the Israelites proper (see Exodus 12:38 ). 1020 BC: Saul became the first King of Israel (1 Sam 9). 975 BC: Israel split into a northern & southern kingdom (1 Kings 12). 722 BC: The Persians conquered the northern kingdom of Israel, carrying off a large number of Israelites and replacing them with people from Persia (who still learned to somewhat fear God, but in an improper way). See 2 Kings 17. This replaced, mixed people became the Samaritans, who kept their own copy of the Law of Moses (the Samaritan Pentateuch). It is used as a reference for modern bible translations against the "standard" Masoretic text (although the manuscripts of the Samaritan Pentateuch are a lot more recent the the Samaritan tradition, also we should bear in mind that "salvation comes from the Jews", not Samaritans, as per John 4:22). 586 BC: The southern kingdom of Judea was conquered by the Babylonians, and the Israelites were taken into captivity. 539 BC: Belshazzar used cups from the temple to get drunk and God sent a hand to write a judgement of him on the wall in Hebrew. Daniel translated this and used the Holy Spirit to interpret its meaning. Immediately afterwards, Babylon fell to the Persians. (Daniel 5) 444 BC: Under the authority of the Persian king Artaxerxes, Ezra & Nehemiah went back to Israel and read the Law of Moses to the people of Israel in front of the completed Walls of Jerusalem. According to some translations, the priests then translated the Hebrew words into Aramaic for the people to hear (Nehemiah 8:8). Late 5th Century BC: Around this time, the last book of of the Old Testament was completed. 3rd Century BC: Around this time, the written Hebrew language largely switched from the Paleo-Hebrew (i.e. Phoenician) lettering system to the Aramaic (i.e. modern Hebrew minus diacritical marks) lettering system. This change was not universal: even today modern Samaritans use Paleo-Hebrew lettering. While the lettering changed, the language stayed the same (although of course at the same time the Aramaic language was getting more popular as a spoken language).In addition, there was a Greek translation of the Pentateuch published called the Septuagint (LXX). In later centuries this was expanded to include Greek translations of the rest of the Old Testament and Deuterocanon.The LXX was enormously influential, and was used when New Testament authors quote the Old Testament. It is used by modern bible translations as a reference against the "standard" Masoretic texts, and the Orthodox Study Bible translates it wholesale. The Greek Orthodox church uses the LXX for their worship today. 3rd century BC-1st century AD: the Dead Sea scrolls, including Old Testament manuscripts, were written in Qumran. These include the oldest manuscripts of the Old Testament in Hebrew, and are used by modern translations as reference against the "standard" Masoretic text (with particular authority because of their age). 4 BC - 33 AD: God the Word came to earth as the human Jesus of Nazareth; as a fulfilment of previous scripture. He preached and performed many miracles, died on the cross for our sins, and rose from the dead. Afterwards, he appeared to many people and ascended into heaven; then sent the Holy Spirit to all believers at Pentecost, kickstarting the church that would begin the task of preaching the good news of Jesus throughout all the world.Also at Pentecost, people started getting the gift of tongues and gift of interpretation, which allows people to supernaturally speak and interpret foreign languages (either earthly or heavenly). Mid-late 1st century: The New Testament was written. So there you go. Reply to this thread to let me know what you think. Part 2 is here: https://www.chess.com/clubs/forum/view/a-history-of-bible-translation-part-2-now-we-have-a-bible-what-do-we-do-with-it

“Not only that, but we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character, and character produces hope, and hope does not put us to shame, because God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us,” Romans 5:3-5.

Alleluia🕊️ How have you been these days? I would like to share you audio-visual PSALM 77:  

Alleluia🕊️ Feel free to join our new Vote Chess adventure, we are looking forward to do some great teamwork, see ya: VOTE CHESS Game ALLELUIA

So unfortunately, probably because of the capitalisation in the title, this club's name can't get this talk out of my head: (I do have many disagreements with Torben's theology by the way, and particularly disagree with the way he calls exclusively non-christians 'sinners' like in this clip; but neverthess here I think he makes some good points).

BORN AGAIN Tournament + Start Date: Apr 4, 2021 Enjoy the Easter, let there be Light in Your life, always So if up for some extra dance on the chess board, then feel free to join this OPEN tournament with some nice CUSTOM TROPHIES + Rating Range: < 1350: https://www.chess.com/tournament/born-again-tournament-lt-1350 + Rating Range: > 1350: https://www.chess.com/tournament/born-again-tournament-rating-range-above-1350 p.s. The tournament is held on soft refreshing clouds high above all problems & diseases. There where the Sun pierces every darkness of ignorance. Viruses are by no means invited

Alleluia❤️ You are much welcome to join our new Chess960 for Peace🕊️series, Season 1

The Mission is a 1986 British period drama film about the experiences of a Jesuit missionary in 18th-century South America. Directed by Roland Joffé and written by Robert Bolt, the film stars Robert De Niro, Jeremy Irons, Ray McAnally, Aidan Quinn, Cherie Lunghi, and Liam Neeson. It won the Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or and the Academy Award for Best Cinematography. In April 2007, it was elected number one on the Church Times' Top 50 Religious Films list.Furthermore, it is one of fifteen films listed in the category "Religion" on the Vatican film list. The music, scored by Italian composer Ennio Morricone, ranked 1st on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's (ABC) Classic 100 Music in the Movies.

+ Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Luke 6:37-38 Judging Others “Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven. Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.”

Hallelujah dears How are You these days? May our Savior, Jesus Christ, with the torch of true knowledge, illuminate all the darkness of ignorance within + around us. Amen!

Acts 2, Holy Bible The Holy Spirit Comes at Pentecost 2 When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. 2 Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3 They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. 4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. 5 Now there were staying in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven. 6 When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard their own language being spoken. 7 Utterly amazed, they asked: “Aren’t all these who are speaking Galileans? 8 Then how is it that each of us hears them in our native language? 9 Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome 11 (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!” 12 Amazed and perplexed, they asked one another, “What does this mean?” 13 Some, however, made fun of them and said, “They have had too much wine.”

Song of Solomon 2:13 “The fig tree has ripened its figs, and the vines in blossom have given forth their fragrance. Arise, my darling, my beautiful one, and come along!”

Hallelujah lovely protagonists of good will & great sport spirit, i really hope You are all well & healthy, indeed So let there be Light in Your lifes, always🌄

Alleluia🕊️ Lovely friends, hope You are well, healthy and happy these days💞 Christ is always caring, He is in our hearts, here & now. Jesus/Yeshua works through the Holy Spirit. He breathed the Spirit on the disciples and they received It, so do we. Amen🕊️ Let us read Holy Bible, New Testament, what St Paul said about LOVE🌹

Hope you are all well❤️🕊️ Gold premium membership gifting tour has just started, season 1 The WINNER of the following daily club tournaments will get GOLD membership as a gift, indeed⭐

Alleluia❤️ Feel free to participate in the tournament for Peace, you are much welcome, all the best🕊️ The tournament-link: https://www.chess.com/tournament/veni-sancte-spiritus-unrated-club-tour

https://frenchpress.thedispatch.com/p/the-best-of-christian-compassion?