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David Bronstein Memorial 2010 TD: miriskra Starts ASAP Registered: 3 of 12 Time Control: 3 days/move Max Group Size: 12 Rating Range: >1600 # Advance: 1 Tie Breaks: Yes Points Available: 315 Games Rated: Yes You will play ~11 simultaneous games(one game per opponent starts immediately) YOU ARE REGISTERED FOR THIS TOURNAMENT! When the tournament starts your games will AUTOMATICALLY begin. Recent Registrantsview all 3 registrants AWARDCHESS (1746) juveman (1728) miriskra (1776) Some great chess players take a scientific approach to the game, delving into the intricacies of each position in a search for mathematical precision; others see it as an intellectual sport, with each player straining to overcome the opponent by force of will; but, among all the top grandmasters of the second half of the 20th century, David Bronstein was perhaps the one true chess artist. In the opinion of many, he was the finest player who never won the world championship (though he came very close when he tied a match 12-12 with Mikhail Botvinnik in 1951); in the opinion of others, he was quite simply the most creative player of all. He also wrote a number of highly individualistic chess books, of which his Mezhdunarodny Turnir Grossmeisterov account of the 1953 candidates' tournament in Zurich (published in 1956 and translated into English as The Chess Struggle in Practice, 1978) stands out as maybe the finest tournament book ever. David Ionovich Bronstein was born in the small town of Belaya Tserkov in Ukraine in 1924 but soon moved with his family to Kiev, where he joined the local chess club after good results in tournaments at school. Coming from a Jewish family and related to the Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky, the Bronsteins were viewed with suspicion by the Soviet authorities and in 1937 David's father, Iohonon Boruch Bronstein, was arrested as an "enemy of the people". He was not seen again until freed seven years later on the grounds of ill-health. In those seven years, David had established himself as one of the most gifted chess players of his generation. Exempted from military service because of his poor eyesight, David Bronstein worked in a military hospital in the Caucasus during the Second World War, which apparently gave him enough time off to indulge his love of chess. His first appearance in the finals of the Soviet Championship was in 1944 when he finished 15th, but the following year he ended in third place and was already established among the top rank of Soviet players. Stalin, by that time, had already initiated his Five Year Plan for Chess, with the aim of capturing the world championship from the bourgeois masters of the West. This aim was achieved when Mikhail Botvinnik won the world title in 1948, an achievement that was hailed as an example of the superiority of the Soviet system. The apparatchiks of Soviet chess, however, became nervous when David Bronstein won through to become Botvinnik's challenger in 1951. Botvinnik had been a perfect flag-bearer for Communism: a firm believer in the system, he had even sent a telegram of thanks to Stalin after winning one tournament in England, for the Great Leader's inspiration. How would it look if he was defeated by a Jewish son of an enemy of the people? The match was very tense with both men making uncharacteristic errors. In the sixth game, in a drawn position, Bronstein thought for 45 minutes on one move, then played an appalling blunder, losing immediately. In the ninth game, a complete miscalculation left Bronstein a rook behind for almost nothing, but his inventiveness was enough to bamboozle the world champion and escape with a draw. After 22 of the 24 games had been played, however, Bronstein was one up and looked set to capture the title, but a loss and a draw in the last two games left the match tied, and Botvinnik retained his title. "I have been asked many, many times if I was obliged to lose the 23rd game and if there was a conspiracy to stop me from taking Botvinnik's title," Bronstein wrote many years later: The only thing that I am prepared to say is that I was subjected to strong psychological pressure from various sources . . . I had reasons not to become the World Champion as in those times such a title meant that you were entering an official world of chess bureaucracy with many formal obligations. Such a position is not compatible with my character. Bronstein announced himself satisfied that he had achieved his goals in the 1951 match: to show that his style of fluid, creative chess was fully up to the task of coping with Botvinnik's rigorous scientific approach. In later years he often said that he never missed holding the title of World Champion, which only lasts a few years anyway. What he regretted, he said, was not having the lifelong title of ex-World Champion. Indeed, as ex-World Champion Bronstein might not have had to endure the indignities heaped on him by the Soviet chess establishment, limiting his freedom to travel to international events. In subsequent qualifying events for the world championship, Bronstein kept coming up against a rule limiting the number of qualifiers from one nation. He frequently finished in a high place in the Interzonal tournaments, but there always seemed to be too many Russians ahead of him. His nerves also tended to get the better of him at crucial moments. In the Interzonal at Portoroz, Yugoslavia, in 1958, a last-round defeat by an unknown Filipino lost him the coveted qualifying place. In 1964, it was a brilliant loss to the Dane Bent Larsen. On both occasions Bronstein is said to have been in tears after the game. In 1976, Viktor Korchnoi defected from the Soviet Union during a tournament in Amsterdam and David Bronstein was one of the few top Soviet grandmasters who did not sign an official letter condemning him. For this sin, Bronstein was banned from travelling to tournaments in the West. The ban was only lifted with the advent of perestroika in the mid-Eighties. Even before these restrictions were imposed, his international appearances had been limited, but Bronstein made two trips to Britain in 1975-76. Both his eccentricity and brilliance were in evidence in his very first game at Teesside against the English grandmaster Raymond Keene. Bronstein thought for some 15 minutes over his first move, then played 1.c4, the English opening, out of respect, as he later explained, to his hosts. He seemed to obtain no advantage whatsoever, but after another long think sacrificed a pawn. Some of the world's finest players, seeing this, shook their heads in sad disbelief, but Bronstein had seen more than any of them. A few moves later his attack crashed home and a new generation suddenly realised that the old man had lost none of his imaginative faculties. I recall another young English player analysing with Bronstein after being beaten by him at Hastings later that year. Eagerly moving pieces at high speed over the board, the Englishman asked, "Did you analyse this? Did you analyse that?" Bronstein grasped his arm to stop the flow of moves. "Young man," he said, "you do not analyse during a game; you analyse before a game and after a game. During the game, you just play."

David Bronstein.6 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 6:33am. Here are some chess puzzles from the games of David Bronstein. White to move and win except where noted. Solutions are between the brackets under each puzzle.Drag your mouse from one bracket to the other.a) White Mates in 3. Bronstein vs Grigory Lowenfische, USSR, 1946[ Re5+ ]b) White Mates in 6. Bronstein vs Alexander Kotov, Moscow, 1946[ Bh6 ]c) Bronstein vs Arnold Denker, New York, 1954[ Rxh7 if Kxh7 Qh1+ ]d) Bronstein vs Antonio Medina Garcia, Goteborg, 1955[ d6 w/Nd5 ]e) Bronstein vs Mikhail Botvinnik, Moscow, 1951[ Bg3 if Qxb3 Rf8+ mates ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part II. White to move and win except where noted.a) Bronstein vs Andor Lilienthal, Moscow, 19442r3k1/2r2ppp/p1q5/2p1P3/1pQnNP2/7P/PP4PK/2RR4 w - - 0 1[ Nd6 ]b) Bronstein vs Boris Ratner, Moscow, 1945r4qk1/pp1r1p2/1n2ppp1/8/2PN2P1/1P2Q1P1/P4PK1/3R3R w - - 0 1[ Nxe6 if fxe6 Rxd7 w/Qxe6+ ]c) White Mates in 8. Bronstein vs Iosif Rudakovsky, Moscow, 19453r2k1/pp3r1p/1nq3NQ/3p1B2/8/8/6PP/4RR1K w - - 0 1[ Ne7+ Kh8 (if Rxe7 Qg5+) Nxc6 Rdf8 Ne5 ]d) Bronstein vs Jaroslav Sajtar, Moscow, 19462rrn1k1/2q2p1p/p5p1/2bBN3/3Q1P2/P5PP/7K/2RR4 w - - 0 1[ Rxc5 w/Qxc5 Bxf7+ & Rxd8 ]e) Bronstein vs Grigori Levenfish, Leningrad, 19478/PKnk4/7p/7P/8/5p2/5B2/8 w - - 0 1[ Bg3 ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part III. White to move and win except where noted.a) White Mates in 5. Bronstein vs Vasily Panov, Moscow, 19473r3r/3n4/PkNpqp2/4p1pp/4P1n1/2PP4/2Q3PP/4RR1K w - - 0 1[ Rb1+ Kc5 (if Kxc6 Qa4+) d4+ ]b) Bronstein vs Lajos Tipary, Budapest, 19491r1q1rk1/ppn2ppp/2p1p3/4N1b1/2PP1B2/PR5P/1P3PPQ/4R1K1 w - - 0 1[ Bxg5 w/Nd7 ]c) Bronstein vs Arpad Vajda, Budapest, 19493q1rk1/3bbp1p/2p2np1/p1p1pPB1/2P3PQ/2N4P/PP4B1/5RK1 w - - 0 1[ Ne4 if Nxe4 Bxe7 g5 Bxd8 gxh4 Bxh4 Nd2 Rd1 ]d) Bronstein vs Vladas Mikenas, Moscow, 1949r4k1r/pp1nb2p/5pp1/2PNn3/4R3/4B3/PP2B1PP/3R2K1 w - - 0 1[ Nc7 if Rc8 Bh6+ w/Rxd7 ]e) White Mates in 5. Bronstein vs Vladimir Makogonov, Tbilisi, 1951k6r/p4R2/1p2p1pP/N2pP1q1/1Q6/P7/KPr5/8 w - - 0 1[ Nc6 Rxc6 Qa4 ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part IV. White to move and win.a) Bronstein vs O Pastuhoff, Liverpool, 19522k5/1pqr1p1r/n5p1/RBPp1b2/3B4/2p3P1/2P2P1P/2Q1R1K1 w - - 0 1[ Rxa6 bxa6 Bxa6+ if Kd8 Bf6+ ]b) Bronstein vs Alberic O'Kelly de Galway, Hastings, 19538/1p1R4/8/pr5p/1P3B2/P4KPk/6n1/8 w - - 0 1[ Rd1 Kh2 Rd2 ]c) Bronstein vs Efim Geller, Goteborg, 1955r3k2r/1p1bppbp/p4np1/P2pR3/3P4/1QNq1N2/1P3PPP/R1B3K1 w - - 0 1[ Rxe7+ if Kf8 Rxf7+ or if Kd8 Rxf7 or if Kxe7 Nxd5+ ]d) Bronstein vs Harry Golombek, Moscow, 19561n3r1k/p2nq3/1p1p3p/4p1p1/P1BPP3/Q1P3B1/6PP/5RK1 w - - 0 1[ Rxf8+ w/dxe5 ]e) Bronstein vs Reinhard Fuchs, Gotha, 1957b4k2/4bppp/1Bnr4/1p6/4B3/5N2/1P3PPP/2R3K1 w - - 0 1[ Ne5 Nxe5 Rc8+ Bd8 Bc5 ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part V. White to move and win except where noted.a) White Mates in 3. Bronstein vs Efim Geller, Moscow, 19614r1k1/pR3pp1/1n3P1p/q2p4/5N1P/P1rQpP2/8/2B2RK1 w - - 0 1[ Qg6 fxg6 Rxg7 ]b) Bronstein vs Viktor Korchnoi, Leningrad, 19621Q5R/6p1/6kp/8/6P1/1p3q2/1P1r2PK/8 w - - 0 1[ Rxh6+ if gxh6 Qg8+ or if Kxh6 Qh8+ w/Qh5+ & g5+ or if Kf7 Qc7+ ]c) Bronstein vs Bela Berger, Amsterdam, 19645rk1/4bppp/p1rqpn2/1p6/3P4/2N4Q/PPB2PPP/3RR1K1 w - - 0 1[ Ne4 ]d) Bronstein vs Nikola Padevsky, Zagreb, 19655rk1/1p1r2b1/p3p2p/2R1nPp1/1P1pN1P1/PQ2n2P/5B2/q1N1R1K1 w - - 0 1[ Rxe5 if Bxe5 Nd3 ]e) White Mates in 5. Bronstein vs Svetozar Gligoric, Moscow, 19675bk1/2R3pp/p4p2/4rP2/1p1qn1Q1/1P5P/P4PP1/2R3K1 w - - 0 1[ Rxg7+ Bxg7 Rc8+ Kf7 Qh5+ ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part VI. White to move and win except where noted.a) Bronstein vs Mikhail Tal, Riga, 19682r5/p3R2p/5nk1/2pb2Nr/2B2P2/BP6/P1P4P/2K5 w - - 0 1[ Bd3+ Kh6 Bb2 ]b) Bronstein vs Vladislav Vorotnikov, URS, 19705r1k/p5p1/1p5p/3R4/1r2q3/6P1/P2Q1P1P/5RK1 w - - 0 1[ f3 if Qc4 Rc1 or if Qe7 Re1 ]c) Bronstein vs Dragoslav Tomic, Vinkovci, 1970r1b1k2r/pp1pnpbp/6p1/2q1p3/B1NnP3/3P1N2/P1Q2PPP/1RB2RK1 w kq - 0 1[ Nxd4 if Qxd4 Be3 or if exd4 Ba3 w/Nd6+ ]d) Bronstein vs Albert Kapengut, Leningrad, 19714r3/ppp1rb1p/3p1Qpk/3P4/2P1pPq1/1P4N1/P5KP/1R3R2 w - - 0 1[ h3 if Qc8 or Qd7 Nh5 mates ]e) Bronstein vs Wolfgang Uhlmann, Moscow, 1971r3qrk1/3nbppp/b1n1p3/2ppP1N1/pp3BQP/3P2P1/PPP2PB1/R3RNK1 w - - 0 1[ Nxe6 ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part VII. White to move and win except where noted.a) Bronstein vs Alexander Vaisman, Tbilisi, 1974r1r3k1/1pnqppbp/6p1/p1RpP3/n2P4/1B2BN1P/1P3PP1/1Q2R1K1 w - - 0 1[ Bxa4 if Qxa4 Rec1 ]b) Bronstein vs Jonathan Mestel, London, 19762kbb2r/pp2rRp1/1q2p1Qp/3pP2P/2pP4/P1P1B1PB/1P6/5RK1 w - - 0 1[ Rxe7 if Bxg6 Rxe6 Bd3 Rc6+ mates or if dxe7 Qxg7 ]c) Bronstein vs Wojciech Dobrzynski, Poland, 19761b4k1/2q1rpp1/5nbp/1B2p3/8/Q1P1B1NP/5PP1/3R2K1 w - - 0 1[ Bb6 Qxb6 Qxe7 if Qxb5 Rd8+ w/Qf8 & Rxb8 ]d) White Mates in 7. Bronstein vs Henryk Dobosz, Sandomier, 19762k4r/5Qpp/rp1p2n1/p2Pp1P1/2P5/qP2B1P1/P7/1K3R1R w - - 0 1[ Rxh7 Qxa2+ Kxa2 Kd8 Rxh8+ Nxh8 Qf8+ Kd7 Qxh8 Ke7 Qxg7+ Ke8 Rf8# ]e) Bronstein vs Ignacy Nowak, Sandomier, 1976 2qr1k1n/p3R3/1p3n1P/2p2rpQ/2PpR1N1/3P4/PP4K1/8 w - - 0 1[ Nxf6 if Rxf6 Qxg5 or if g4 Ng7+ mates ]Bronstein Puzzles, Part VIII. White to move and win except where noted.a) White Mates in 4. Bronstein vs Milan Vukic, Vrsac, 19791rrb4/3b1p2/2np1P1p/1B2pN1k/PP5P/2P2P2/1K6/3R2R1 w - - 0 1[ Ng7+ ]b) Bronstein vs David Sands, London, 1989r1b2rnk/3q1p1p/2p3pb/4p3/p1P1P1P1/2N1BQNP/PP2BP2/4K2R w - - 0 1[ Bxh6 Nxh6 Qf6+ Kg8 g5 ]c) White Mates in 9. Bronstein vs Margeir Petursson, Reykjavik, 19904Q3/1q1r2k1/3n1p2/1p4B1/2p5/2P2P2/6PK/4R3 w - - 0 1[ Bxf6+ if Kh6 Qg8 or if Kxf6 Re6+ ]d) Bronstein vs Einar Gausel, Gausdal, 1994r5k1/1p1n1pp1/7p/8/b3p3/2N1P1PP/5P2/1R3BK1 w - - 0 1[ Nxa4 w/Bb5 ]e) White Mates in 5. Bronstein vs Richard Vedder, Hoogeveen, 1997rn1R1bk1/1q4pp/pP2p3/3RNp2/8/PQr3P1/1P2PP1P/6K1 w - - 0 1[ Rxf8+ Kxf8 Qb4+ Rc5 Qxc5+ Ke8 Rd8 Bronstein Puzzles: a) Re5+ b) Bh6 c) Rxh7 d) d6 w/Nd5 e) Bg3Bronstein, Part II: a) Nd6 b) Nxe6 if fxe6 Rxd7 w/Qxe6+ c) Ne7+ Kh8 (if Rxe7 Qg5+) Nxc6 Rdf8 Ne5 d) Rxc5 w/Qxc5 Bxf7+ & Rxd8 e) Bg3 Bronstein, Part III: a) Rb1+ Kc5 (if Kxc6 Qa4+) d4+ b) Bxg5 w/Nd7 c) Ne4 if Nxe4 Bxe7 g5 Bxd8 gxh4 Bxh4 Nd2 Rd1 d) Nc7 if Rc8 Bh6+ w/Rxd7 e) Nc6 Rxc6 Qa4 Bronstein, Part IV: a) Rxa6 bxa6 Bxa6+ if Kd8 Bf6+ b) Rd1 Kh2 Rd2 c) Rxe7+ if Kf8 Rxf7+ or if Kd8 Rxf7 or if Kxe7 Nxd5+ d) Rxf8+ w/dxe5 e) Ne5 Nxe5 Rc8+ Bd8 Bc5 Bronstein, Part V: a) Qg6 fxg6 Rxg7 b) Rxh6+ if gxh6 Qg8+ or if Kxh6 Qh8+ w/Qh5+ & g5+ or if Kf7 Qc7+ c) Ne4 d) Rxe5 if Bxe5 Nd3 e) Rxg7+ Bxg7 Rc8+ Kf7 Qh5+ Bronstein, Part VI: a) Bd3+ Kh6 Bb2 b) f3 if Qc4 Rc1 or if Qe7 Re1 c) Nxd4 if Qxd4 Be3 or if exd4 Ba3 w/Nd6+ d) h3 if Qc8 or Qd7 Nh5 mates e) Nxe6 Bronstein, Part VII: a) Bxa4 if Qxa4 Rec1 b) Rxe7 if Bxg6 Rxe6 Bd3 Rc6+ mates or if dxe7 Qxg7 c) Bb6 Qxb6 Qxe7 if Qxb5 Rd8+ w/Qf8 & Rxb8 d) Rxh7 e) Nxf6 if Rxf6 Qxg5 or if g4 Ng7+ mates Bronstein, Part VIII: a) Ng7+ b) Bxh6 Nxh6 Qf6+ Kg8 g5 c) Bxf6+ if Kh6 Qg8+ or if Kxf6 Re6+ d) Nxa4 w/Bb5 e) Rxf8+ Kxf8 Qb4+ Rc5 Qxc5+ Ke8 Rd8+ » posted in AWARDCHESS's Blog | 86 reads | 0 comments

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ДИАЛОГИ С СОКРАТОМ Юрий ВАСИЛЬЕВ, «СЭ»,специально для СhessPro Когда-то, давным-давно, а точнее, на чемпионате СССР в Вильнюсе (1984 г.) я сказал Давиду Ионовичу, с которым мы много общались, что хотел бы с ним создать нечто вроде "Диалогов с Сократом". Бронштейну понравилась идея. И он мне сделал соответствующую надпись на своей знаменитой книге. Отчасти осуществить идею "Диалогов" мне удалось лишь спустя 20 лет. Диалоги с шахматным Сократом состоялись во время матчей Крамника с "Дип Фрицем" и Каспарова с "Дип Джуниором" - 2002-го и 2003-го годов. Я прибегну к прямому цитированию своих собственных материалов не только из-за недостатка времени. Важно, что эти диалоги (я опускаю свои вопросы) читал и одобрил Давид Ионович. Это его голос. РАЗНЫЕ ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ Бронштейн о том, что видит во время игры человек, а что компьютер - Человек видит позицию, как в свете фар темную дорогу... Я это говорил не однажды: сначала вы видите позицию ясно. Через три хода она становится для вас как бы немножко в тумане. А через пять ходов вы видите только контуры позиции... Вы чувствуете, что там, за горизонтом, что-то есть. Вы не знаете точно, что именно, но вам очень интересно. В этом, собственно, и заключается прелесть шахмат. А компьютер любую позицию видит так же ясно, как вы - после первого хода. Вот почему я протестую против компьютеров. Человек между ходами думает, а компьютер ставит себе позицию на экран - и видит. Поэтому нельзя говорить, что компьютер играет в шахматы. Происходит соревнование по совершенно разным дисциплинам: у меня - бег с препятствиями, а у него - гладкий бег. Но человеку тем не менее интересно проверить, сумеет ли он перехитрить этого всевидящего монстра. И, возможно, ситуация не так уж и безнадежна для человека. - К шахматной игре, как я не раз говорил, эти матчи не имеют никакого отношения. Потому что самое интересное - даже единственно интересное! - это то, о чем человек думает между ходами. Людям нравится это удивительное состояние предвидения, предчувствия. Понимаете, человек страстно желает заглянуть за горизонт! Он играет не отдельными ходами, он играет планами, замыслами. Это и есть шахматы. А то, чем занимается компьютер... Это не игра. Это решение сложного математического уравнения. А человек думает, что он "играет" с компьютером... А эти миллионы партий, шахматные базы, в которые заглядывает постоянно компьютер во время игры... Это все равно, что соревноваться в памяти с энциклопедией или в запоминании телефонных номеров с телефонной книгой... В конце концов, человеку этим заниматься просто глупо. - Сколько еще сможет продержаться человек в этой "игре-не-игре" с компьютером? - Если не изменят правила, то весьма скоро вопрос будет стоять только так: сколько ходов продержится тот или иной шахматист против компьютера. ДРАКОН ПРОСНУЛСЯ - Давид Ионович, еще четверть века назад в вашей книге "Прекрасный и яростный мир", написанной совместно с доктором философии Георгием Смоляном, вы не только предугадали то, что сейчас произошло в Бахрейне, но и заглянули за горизонт. Вы предсказали, что в будущем люди будут так программировать компьютеры, что они смогут играть и в стиле Морфи, и в стиле Таля, и в стиле Капабланки... - Но самое интересное будет, когда программисты научат ваш компьютер играть в вашем собственном стиле! Представляете, что это будут за шахматы?! - Представляю. Это будет игра компьютеров, которые не будут ошибаться, будут просчитывать миллиарды ходов в секунду и при этом проводить в жизнь ваши идеи. Но не скучно ли будет человеку наблюдать за такой игрой? Ведь он останется в стороне... - Да, теоретически, наверное, возможно, что трассу "Формулы-1" вместо Михаэля Шумахера сможет пройти компьютер, ведь они уже умеют производить посадку больших самолетов. Однако интересно ли будет Шумахеру наблюдать за тем, как вместо него его болид ведет компьютер? Думаю, не интересно. Шахматы - это игра людей. Я повторяю в тысячный раз: компьютеры в шахматы не играют! Ведь процесс игры в шахматы для человека есть процесс размышления между ходами, процесс предвидения. А компьютер не думает между ходами, он видит на мониторе каждую позицию в отдельности, просматривает миллиарды положений, сравнивает их и выбирает лучший ход. - Но так поступает и человек, только он просматривает и оценивает не миллиарды вариантов, а, скажем, два-три... - Правильно, в чем-то компьютер похож на нас. Он набит нашими идеями, нашими партиями, нашей теорией дебютов. Но мы, в отличие от него, не можем пользоваться библиотекой во время игры, а он может. Не совсем честно, правда? - Но все это внешне безобидно происходит. Со стороны не заметно, что компьютер жульничает. Однако раз человек принимает эти правила игры и идет на то, что его соперник будет "подсматривать в шпаргалку" во время партии, то, значит, нечего ему потом говорить: нечестно. Так? - Конечно. Но не надо делать и чуда из игры с компьютером. Не только Каспаров и Крамник могут с ними сражаться за доской, а и любой гроссмейстер. В 12-ти Эгон-турнирах, которые организовывал в Голландии Кок де Хортер, с компьютерами играли прекрасные мастера Анатолий Карпов, Виши Ананд, Ян Тимман, профессор математики Джон Нанн, Рафаэль Ваганян. Последний Эгон-турнир, который состоялся в 97-м, выиграл израильский гроссмейстер Иона Косашвили. На закрытии он сказал: "Компьютер - это дракон. Не будите его". - Но его будят - снова и снова. Ситуацию, как я понимаю, хотят довести до логического конца, когда человек откажется от единоборства с кибергроссмейстером, признав свое поражение окончательно. - Бобби Фишер 21 декабря 1972 года, когда его спросили о перспективах компьютерных шахмат, сказал: "Да, я вполне допускаю, что меня когда-нибудь сможет побить компьютер. Но ему для этого предстоит пройти долгий путь. Сейчас он играет в классе Б, на 5-6 ступеней ниже меня. Сейчас только специалисты по компьютерам развивают шахматные программы. Они никуда не продвинутся, пока не привлекут хорошего шахматного игрока". - Программисты давно уже привлекли хороших игроков. Насколько мне известно, вас они тоже использовали, ведь вы консультировали специалистов из компании IBM, которые создавали своего монстра "Дип Блю". - Да, я сыграл с ним тренировочный матч и сделал ряд замечаний, которыми программисты IBM воспользовались. Но особенно для меня было приятно, когда они потом прислали мне письмо, в котором благодарили за то, что за свою работу я не потребовал никакой платы. - Вы делали это из любви к искусству? - Вероятно, вы будете удивлены, когда я открою вам маленькую тайну: мне симпатичны компьютеры. Они очень похожи на нас... И человеку не надо обольщаться на свой счет. Он просто физически не может видеть то, что без всякого напряжения и эмоций видит компьютер. Шахматы для человека - игра визуальная. А "мысленно" он не может видеть то, что видит машина. Приведу такой пример. Во время турнира претендентов на Кюрасао Пауль Керес, играя с Фишером, в трудной позиции удивил американского гроссмейстера каким-то изумительно красивым ходом. И Фишер в своей книге "Мои 60 памятных партий" пишет: "Чем больше я вдумывался в позицию, тем больше убеждался, что выигрыша нет!" Фишер привел и красивые варианты, которые должны были убедить читателя в правоте его умозаключения. И они, наверное, убедили. Потому что Фишер думал! Однако слушайте, что было дальше. Во время одного из моих путешествий по свету мне попался в руки компьютерный журнал, в котором я увидел позицию из партии Керес - Фишер. Там был приведен анализ, сделанный с помощью компьютера. Вывод опровергал "убеждения" Фишера: позиция выигрывалась простым "компьютерным" ходом. Человек обычно такие "примитивные" ходы не замечает. - Значит, человек обречен в борьбе с компьютером? - Разумеется. Играть с компьютером, желая выиграть у него, - это все равно что биться головой о стенку. Чем сильнее разбежитесь и ударите, тем очевиднее будет результат. Много крови. Вашей. - А если не разбегаться? - Вот здесь мы и подходим к главной мистификации игры с компьютерами. Не надо преувеличивать их опасность. Если я не буду ослаблять свою позицию, если буду вовремя менять фигуры, то компьютер никогда не сможет выиграть не только у Каспарова или Крамника, а у любого гроссмейстера! Выражаясь фигурально, я смогу двумя пальцами отогнать любой наскок машины. Не надо вводить чрезвычайное положение. Не надо мистифицировать любителей шахмат. Компьютер ничем абсолютно не грозит человеку, и тот может продолжать наслаждаться шахматами, испытывая свою выдержку, память, фантазию. - А надо ли играть с компьютером? - Надо. Потому что лучшего учителя не найти. Во-первых, он опускает человека на землю: не зазнавайся, не думай, что ты что-то можешь видеть, ты не кудесник! Во-вторых, он своими действиями, абсолютно лишенными шаблона, учит человека не бояться трудных положений. Ведь компьютер может защитить любую "безнадежную", с человеческой точки зрения, позицию, отыскивая невероятные - опять же с точки зрения человека - ходы. Компьютер подсказывает человеку новые технические приемы и предлагает отучиться мыслить трафаретно. Например, еще со времен Капабланки принято считать, что нехорошо ходить дважды одной фигурой в дебюте. Или что ферзя вводить рано в игру не следует. Компьютер феноменально опровергает эти человеческие заблуждения, прочно засевшие у нас в мозгу. Он идеально использует силу ферзя, совершая изумительные пируэты на доске. Люди так не умеют играть. Значит, надо учиться. Компьютер обучает человека лучше чувствовать геометрию доски. Он напоминает, что не обязательно играть планами и идеями, а можно играть отдельными ходами. Именно так ведь и играет компьютер. Человек играет в шахматы, потому что ему нравится это состояние взвешенности, непредсказуемости. Компьютер учит человека избавляться от своих человеческих слабостей. Может ли человек научиться? Может. Способных учеников много. Да, человеку есть чему поучиться у компьютера. Он должен навсегда сохранить его для себя в качестве партнера. Не делая при этом из него врага, не будя Дракона. Я мог бы на этой оптимистичной ноте и закончить наш заключительный обзор, если бы не знал наверняка: они на этом не успокоятся. Они - это люди, желающие непременно победить Дракона. И программисты, желающие доказать, что их Дракон может покорить фантазию Человека. Я спросил у гроссмейстера о его многочисленных битвах с компьютерами в турнирах, где люди играли с программами. - В "Эгон-турнирах" компьютеры играли гораздо живее и интереснее. Но, как мне кажется, происходящее в Бахрейне объясняется не только очевидными просчетами бригады программистов "Дип Фрица", которые, похоже, немного перемудрили, когда готовили его специально "под Крамника". Дело еще и в необыкновенно искусной постановке игры человека, который сидит напротив оператора, обслуживающего "Дип Фриц". Крамник очень хорошо подготовился к этому матчу и нашел у своего несомненно грозного противника ахиллесову пяту. У Крамника неплохо получается "убивать" живую игру - будь то матч с Каспаровым в Лондоне, где он применил берлинскую защиту в испанской партии и заставил Каспарова в бессильной ярости сокрушать несокрушимую "стену", будь то матч с очень сильной компьютерной программой в Бахрейне. О ПУСТЫХ ПОЛЯХ, ВОЛКАХ И ВЕДЬМАХ О термине "понимание" применительно к компьютерам Бронштейн так говорил: - Вспоминаю, как Тигран Вартанович Петросян, характерно втягивая носом воздух, говорил: "Надо понимать позицию". А Сало Флор любил повторять: "Позицию нужно чувствовать кончиками пальцев". У компьютера пальцев нет, и поэтому простую позицию он не понимает. Ему легче, когда на доске много фигур, когда положение острое и запутанное. А на "пустых полях" он играет гораздо хуже. На "пустых полях" любили и умели играть Пауль Петрович Керес, Василий Васильевич Смыслов, Михаил Моисеевич Ботвинник - упаси Бог, никого из них не хочу обидеть! Я же всегда хотел играть всеми фигурами, потому что шахматы для меня всегда были сказкой, в которой из непроходимой лесной чащи могут вдруг выйти ведьмы, черти, слоны, лошади, волки... А на "пустых полях" я играть не любил. Но компьютеру чужды понятия "любовь - не любовь", он просто не умеет играть без четких ориентиров. БЕДНОСТЬ МЫСЛИ И ГЕРОЙСТВО Когда Крамник пожертвовал "Фрицу" фигуру и проиграл, Бронштейн прокомментировал: - Что касается жертвы коня на f7... В своих книгах и лекциях я всегда говорил, что это поле самое незащищенное в позиции черных. Применю мои любимые сравнения из футбола: это как "девятка" в воротах. Вытащить мяч трудно даже хорошему вратарю. Это всегда опасно для защищающейся стороны. Я сам не раз приносил такие жертвы. И мне жертвовали неоднократно. Я помню, как на Московском международном турнире Михаил Таль пожертвовал коня на этом поле чехословацкому гроссмейстеру Мирославу Филипу - и красиво победил. Жертва была интуитивная. Просчитать все варианты было невозможно. А вот в матче с датским гроссмейстером Бентом Ларсеном, который специально провоцировал Таля пожертвовать коня на f7, Михаил Нехемьевич продумал 45 минут и жертву отклонил. Он опасался, что Ларсен "принес варианты из дома". Таль наступил на горло собственной песне и... проиграл. Великий австрийский гроссмейстер Рудольф Шпильман в своей замечательной книге "Теория жертвы" писал: "Иной раз, особенно при избытке времени для обдумывания, можно рассчитать жертву до ясно выигранного положения. Однако, если бы я всегда стремился к математически точному расчету, я считал бы такой образ действий неправильным... Многие шахматисты, даже мастера, стыдятся впоследствии признаться, что они действовали интуитивно, и охотно демонстрируют исключительно далекие и точные варианты. В этом я усматриваю скорее бедность мысли, чем геройство!" Крамник, несомненно, проявил "геройство", а не "бедность мысли". Да, компьютер защищался блестяще, но - еще раз повторюсь - он, в отличие от человека, не предвидит позицию, а видит. Крамник должен был, идя на жертву фигуры, рассчитать много вариантов. Это человеку не под силу. Но он верит в свою интуицию, верит, что "там, за горизонтом, что-то есть". Он рискует, творит, создает произведение шахматного искусства. За это мы ему аплодируем. Компьютер только считал и разрушал. Рассмотрел на своем мониторе миллиард позиций, нашел 5 точных ходов. И все. И никакой мысли. Даже бедной. Когда Крамник грубо зевнул и, проиграв фигуру, сдался, Бронштейн заметил: - Идет "игра на внимание", как я люблю говорить. Опасность, которая подстерегает в ходе такой скучной игры, аналогична той, что известна шоферам-дальнобойщикам: стоит во время длительного, монотонного рейса на секунду ослабить внимание, как можно попасть в страшнейшую катастрофу… Вы называете зевок Крамника невероятным. А как я в третьей партии матча с Михаилом Ботвинником подставил одним ходом коня? А как в знаменитом турнире в Ноттингеме 1936 года с участием трех экс-чемпионов мира и одного - будущего, действующий на тот момент чемпион мира доктор Макс Эйве в совершенно равном и даже более приятном для себя положении одним ходом подставил коня под пешечную "вилку". Между прочим, нанес этот решающий удар недремлющий Ласкер! Который всегда боролся до последнего и никогда не забывал, что шахматы - прежде всего! - игра на внимание. Когда возник момент с предложением ничьей оператором, Бронштейн вспомнил свой матч с Ботвинником. - Перед матчем, во время переговоров с Ботвинником, зашла речь о том, как надо предлагать ничью. Ботвинник сказал, что якобы Алехин ему жаловался: мол, молодые шахматисты надоедают ему во время партий многочисленными предложениями ничьей. Я тоже был молодым шахматистом, но надоедать "шахматисту-орденоносцу", как тогда называли Ботвинника в газете "Правда", не собирался. И на следующий день сформулировал свои предложения. Шахматист, желающий предложить ничью, должен сделать ход на доске и, не переводя часов, обратиться "в пространство" со словами: "Предлагаю ничью!" После этого шахматист может нажать кнопку часов. Брать назад предложение ничьей нельзя. Соперник может думать над ответом сколько угодно, но сделанный в ответ ход будет означать отказ от ничьей. Вот и все. Все это потом, кроме слов "обратиться в пространство", было внесено в международный кодекс. Когда компьютер бездарно проиграл скучную партию, я спросил у Бронштейна, почему он сам так никогда не играл с компьютерами, хотя и знал, что им это особенно "неприятно". Вот что мэтр ответил: - Именно поэтому и не играл. Не хотел доказывать, что дважды два - четыре. Мне всегда казалось, что человек, который играет с компьютером "тупо", не борется с ним на уровне мозговой системы. Он только фиксирует для публики эту слабость машины. Мне казалось, что, соревнуясь с компьютером в острых, гамбитных системах, человек в бурном океане может найти по звездам путь к берегу. А не только в том случае, когда на берегу светит маяк. КОРОЛЕВСКИЙ ИЛИ "БЕРЛИН"? Я спросил у Давида Ионовича, что он думает по поводу избранного Крамником Берлинского варианта испанской партии. И вот что он сказал в ответ: - Я думаю, что после 1.e2-е4 е7-е5 самый благородный ход 2.f2-f4. Королевский гамбит, на мой взгляд, единственный дебют, ради которого стоит играть в шахматы. Если оба партнера действуют в хорошем темпе и не боятся отпускать своих королей в опасное плавание, то это самое веселое. Никем не доказано, что 2.Kg1-f3 лучший ход. Филидор говорил, что лучший ход в этой позиции 2.Сс4. И уж тем более не факт, что 3-й ход белых Cb5 - самый хороший. Каспаров выиграл много партий белыми, применяя шотландскую партию. Она агрессивнее, хотя и в ней есть проблемы. Берлинскую защиту я тоже играл - против Пильника во 2-м туре турнира претендентов в Амстердаме в 1956 году. В тот день я плохо себя чувствовал и откровенно играл на ничью. За черных я там не видел никаких проблем - и сейчас не вижу: у них два слона, король где-то спрячется, у белых нет белого слона - можно играть! Крамник доказывает то же, что доказывал я в 56-м: при известной аккуратности можно всегда отбиться. Вратарь черных выстраивает "стенку" и пробить ее нелегко. Что же касается вашей эмоциональной оцен

AWARDCHESS.25. BRONSHTEIN OPEN MEMORIAL.1 Winner: #1 AWARDCHESS (1658) TD: AWARDCHESS Started on Jul 29, 2008 @ 5:36am Players: 4 Time Control: 3 days/move Max Group Size: 4 Rating Range: Open # Advance: 2 Tie Breaks: Yes Points Available: 175 Games Rated: Yes TOURNAMENT FINISHED! Tournament Stats Starting Players: 4 Completed Games: 12 (tournament is 100% complete) Eliminated Round 1: 3 (75% of field) Games in Round 1: 12 Players Withdrawn: 1 (25%) # Timeouts: 0 (0%) Remaining Players: 2 (50%) Remaining Games: 0 (current round) Average Rating: 1460 Biggest Upset: 1245 defeats 1696 David Bronshtein was been most Creative CHESS LOVER! Now, He left us, forever!.. His mother was upset, that He did not received a good Education, because the Wars happened, anywhere and anytime... Somebody told to mother, that David Bronshtein is a long time Professor at His business! Something happened behind the Chess Scene, during His Winning World Chess Match!.. And, He Drawn the Match!..... His Lively Chess Books were very popular at the Russia! Most Americans prefer to read other fast Chess junk books... Look Deeply! Join me at the : awardchess.25.Bronstein Memorial.1

How the Tal won?! « Forums home Forums > Fun With Chess Post New Topic Jump to forum: Select One...General Chess DiscussionChess OpeningsGame AnalysisGame ShowcaseDaily Chess PuzzlesMore PuzzlesEndgame StudyChess PlayersChess.com CommunityFun With ChessChess Books & EquipmentChess News & BuzzScholastic ChessChess OrganizersTournamentsLive ChessChess MentorPremium MembersOff TopicHelp & Support Edit | Delete 18th June 2008, 04:15pm #1 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9310 David Bronstein was asked 'How Tal won his games'!? 'It is a simple! He put his Pieces at the Center of the Board, and sacrificed them somewhere!..' QUOTE 18th June 2008, 04:17pm #2 by ih8sens Sudbury, Ontario Canada Member Since: Jan 2008Member Points: 1777 I thought Fischer said that. QUOTE Edit | Delete 18th June 2008, 04:28pm #3 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9310 Bronshtein!QUOTE 22nd October 2008, 04:08am #4 by aabbccdd Canada Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 2640 AWARDCHESS wrote: Bronshtein! Bronstein QUOTE

jOIN NEW MATCHES AND TOURNAMENTS! « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Sat, 07/12/2008 at 8:38pm. Recently, I announced Registration for New Chess Memorials and Tournaments for Fisher, Karpov, Keres, Tal, Bronshtein, Vera Menchik, Kramnik... And I wanna see some interest activity to Enjoy to Play Chess, Discuss the Greatest Chess Players Artists! Maybe, I gave a wrong names for the tournaments! I will consider all your best names for our new tournaments! Something, like "Deadly Cheese Chess",.. go ahead! We don't respect enough our past Great Chess Memory! QUOTE 6th July 2008, 02:32pm #2 by ZigaldayHamburg United States Member Since: Jun 2008Member Points: 16 Add Alekhine (Alexander)QUOTE Edit | Delete 6th July 2008, 02:53pm #3 by AWARDCHESShttp://static.chess.com/images/icons/member/platinum.png'); margin-left: 4px; font-weight: bold; background-position: 50% 50%" href="/membership.html" title="Premium Member" class="mbr iplt">Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 628 AWARDCHESS.35. ALECHIN OPEN MEMORIAL.2 START REGISTRATION! SHARE YOUR MIND ACTIVITY! THE MIND, WITHOUT SHARING, IS DRYING AND SHRINKING! QUOTE 6th July 2008, 03:12pm #4 by CJBasAlabama United States Member Since: Mar 2008Member Points: 105 Paul Morphy has always been among my favorites. An OTB tournament in his memory should be played in the Frehcn Quarter in New Orleans every year.QUOTE 6th July 2008, 03:16pm #5 by chessdadx2http://static.chess.com/images/icons/member/gold.png'); margin-left: 1px; font-weight: bold; background-position: 50% 50%" href="/membership.html" title="Premium Member" class="mbr igld">Toledo,Ohio United States Member Since: Dec 2007Member Points: 198 Chernev isn't mentioned.QUOTE Edit | Delete 6th July 2008, 03:18pm #6 by AWARDCHESShttp://static.chess.com/images/icons/member/platinum.png'); margin-left: 4px; font-weight: bold; background-position: 50% 50%" href="/membership.html" title="Premium Member" class="mbr iplt">Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 628 Paul Morphy was like a Caesar! Came! Saw! Won!..QUOTE Edit | Delete 6th July 2008, 03:21pm #7 by AWARDCHESShttp://static.chess.com/images/icons/member/platinum.png'); margin-left: 4px; font-weight: bold; background-position: 50% 50%" href="/membership.html" title="Premium Member" class="mbr iplt">Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 628 I mentioned names above only, that I started as TD for new Chess Matches and Tournaments! I wish I would start more some day!.. QUOTE 7th July 2008, 06:33pm #8 by CJBasAlabama United States Member Since: Mar 2008Member Points: 105 AWARDCHESS, you mentioned great players of the past, and I agree we should respect those people. But some we often forget are players who had, and still have, a much greater impact on our lives as chess players now. I'm thinking of the writers/teachers from whom we still get much instruction long after they have died. They were all great players in their own right, but often not the champions. Fred Reinfeld, Irving Chernev, Siegbert Tarrasch, Alexander Kotov, Alexei Suetin, Eugene A. Znosko-Borovsky, Paul Keres, Julius duMont, I. A. Horowitz, David Bronstein, Reuben Fine, and the only world champion to be a truly prolific writer/teacher Max Euwe. As players none of these (even Euwe) were quite on the level of Capablanca, Alekhine, Fischer, Morphy, Karpov, or Kasparov. But there is hardly even one of us whose lives – and chess play – has not been improved by studying what one or more of these teachers left us. QUOTE Edit | Delete 7th July 2008, 08:03pm #9 by AWARDCHESShttp://static.chess.com/images/icons/member/platinum.png'); margin-left: 4px; font-weight: bold; background-position: 50% 50%" href="/membership.html" title="Premium Member" class="mbr iplt">Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 628 In the Russia I has a big Chess Library! And I read a lot of Chess Books and Chess Magazines! You can add to you best list Averbach, Polugaevskiy, Bondarevskiy /Chess Coach of Spasskiy/, Smislov, Tal, Kan, Dvoretskiy, Zak, Shereshevskiy, Karpov, Kasparov... I little disagree, that Paul Keres and David Bronstein weren't at a level of Capablanka, Alechin, Karpov, Kasparov! » posted in AWARDCHESS's Blog | 92 reads | 0 comments

Memory of the David Bronshtein! « Forums home Forums > General Chess Discussion Post New Topic Jump to forum: Select One...General Chess DiscussionChess OpeningsGame AnalysisGame ShowcaseDaily Chess PuzzlesMore PuzzlesEndgame StudyChess PlayersChess.com CommunityFun With ChessChess Books & EquipmentChess News & BuzzScholastic ChessChess OrganizersTournamentsLive ChessChess MentorPremium MembersOff TopicHelp & Support Edit | Delete 2nd July 2008, 09:01pm #1 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9308 David Bronshtein was been most Creative CHESS LOVER! Now, He left us, forever!.. His mother was upset, that He did not received a good Education, because the Wars happened, anywhere and anytime... Somebody told to mother, that David Bronshtein is a long time Professor at His business! Something happened behind the Chess Scene, during His Winning World Chess Match!.. And, He Drawn the Match!..... His Lively Chess Books were very popular at the Russia! Most Americans prefer to read other fast Chess junk books... Look Deeply! Join me at the : awardchess.25.Bronstein Memorial.1 QUOTE 6th July 2008, 02:43am #2 by FM Brett-T Strathfield Australia Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 1470 I played in a tournament in Holland several years ago and I missed out on playing David by one board! I did however watch him analyse several of his games. It was really great experience which I will never forget. QUOTE Edit | Delete 6th July 2008, 10:08am #3 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9308 You was so Lucky! Can you share more Info about it?! It was his late years...QUOTE 6th July 2008, 01:26pm #4 by CJBas Alabama United States Member Since: Mar 2008Member Points: 107 His book of the 1953 Zurich International Tournament may be the best book of any tourney ever written. (English translation by Jim Marfia published by Dover.)QUOTE Edit | Delete 6th July 2008, 01:33pm #5 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9308 In the Russian language it was been even better! I think, Bronshtein sacrificed the Biggest Chess Tournament for that N.1 Chess Book! Such a Great Mind Game Play!!! And he got a second place, here... WOW! QUOTE Edit | Delete 30th August 2008, 08:00pm #6 by AWARDCHESS Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9308 Join my Public Group 'awardchess', the home for talented creative Persons and gambler-minded fun Chess Players! http://www.chess.com/groups/home/awardchess TD. AWARDCHESS. Grigoriy Burtayev. Los Angeles. awardchess@gmail.com

David Bronstein.5 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 6:30am. Электронная Еврейская Энциклопедия. 2005 © Ассоциация по изучению еврейских общин, ИерусалимБронштейн Давид[ ЕВРЕИ РОССИИ (СССР) / Вклад евреев в культуру, науку, экономику] КЕЭ, том Доп.2, кол. 235–236 БРОНШТЕ́ЙН Давид Ионович (1924, Белая Церковь, – 2006, Минск), советский шахматист (см.Шахматы), международный гроссмейстер (1950). Родители Бронштейна были репрессированы во время сталинского террора. Занятия шахматами начал в Киевском шахматном клубе под руководством выдающегося тренера А. М. Константинопольского (1910–90). Бронштейн быстро набирал силу и в возрасте 16 лет, заняв 2-е место на первенстве Украины (после И. Е. Болеславского, 1919–77), получил звание мастера. Впервые участвовал в финале XIII (1944) чемпионата СССР, на котором добился весьма скромных результатов, но нанес сенсационное поражение М. Ботвиннику. В следующем, XIV (1945) чемпионате Бронштейн занял третье место, после М. Ботвинника и И. Болеславского. В I межзональном турнире в Сальтшобадене (1948) Бронштейн занял 1-е место, давшее ему право на участие в Будапештском турнире претендентов. В эти же годы Бронштейн дважды становится чемпионом СССР (в 1948 г. вместе с А. Котовым, а в 1949 г. — с В. Смысловым, родился в 1921 г.). В Будапештском турнире претендентов Бронштейн разделил 1-е место с И. Болеславским. Матч между ними решал, кто будет играть с чемпионом мира М. Ботвинником; в тяжелой борьбе победу одержал Бронштейн. Драматический поединок Бронштейна с Ботвинником на звание чемпиона мира (1951) завершился вничью; Ботвинник отстоял свое звание. При определенном спаде в достижениях Бронштейн иногда добивался замечательных успехов (разделил 2–4 места в турнире претендентов в Швейцарии в 1953 г.; блистательно сыграл в межзональном турнире в Гетеборге в 1955 г.). Он — многократный победитель первенства Москвы, соревнований на Кубок СССР (1970), многих международных турниров. Бронштейн внес значительный вклад в теорию шахмат. Его исследования обогатили теорию и практику дебютов (королевский гамбит, французская, сицилианская, голландская и, особенно, староиндийская защита). Бронштейн — крупнейший исследователь миттельшпиля; его книга «Международный турнир гроссмейстеров» (Нейхаузен—Цюрих, 1953, М., 1953), выдержавшая несколько изданий и переведенная на иностранные языки, считается лучшим пособием по ведению середины игры. Оригинальные концепции Бронштейна, воплощенные в партиях против С. Решевского (1953) и П. Кереса (1955), являются примером импровизационного стиля, который не всегда приводит к победе, но неизменно увлекает зрителя и читателя. Заслуживает уважения нравственная позиция Бронштейна. Так, в 1981 г. он отказался подписать коллективное письмо советских гроссмейстеров, осудивших «невозвращенца» В. Корчного (родился в 1931 г.). В 1980-е гг. Бронштейн дважды посетил Израиль.

David Bronstein.3 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 6:18am. David Bronstein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.David Bronstein Full name David Ionovich Bronstein Country Ukraine Soviet Union Born February 19, 1924Bila Tserkva, Ukrainian SSR Died December 5, 2006 (aged 82)Minsk, Belarus Title Grandmaster David Ionovich Bronstein (Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн; February 19, 1924 – December 5, 2006) was renowned as a leading chessgrandmaster and writer. Described as a creative genius and master of tactics by pundits the world over, Bronstein provided ample evidence that chess should be regarded as part science, part art. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Towards Grandmastership 3 World Title Challenger (1948-1951) 4 Career after 1951 5 Legacy and later years 6 Notable chess games 7 Sample game 8 See also 9 References 10 Notes 11 Further reading 12 External links [edit]Early life Bronstein was born in Bila Tserkva, Ukraine, into a Jewish family. He learned chess at age six from his grandfather. As a youth in Kiev, he was trained by the renowned International Master Alexander Konstantinopolsky. He was second in the Kiev Championship at age 15, and achieved the Soviet Master title at 16 for his second-place result in the 1940 Ukrainian Chess Championship, behind Isaac Boleslavsky, who became a very close friend and chess companion. Much later in life, Bronstein married Boleslavsky's daughter, Tatiana, in 1984. After completing high school, his plans to study Mathematics at Kiev University in 1941 were interrupted by the eastern European spread of World War II. He did study for a time at Leningrad Polytechnical Institute after the war. Judged unfit for military service, Bronstein spent the war in various menial jobs including reconstruction of war-damaged buildings. His father, Johonon, was imprisoned for several years in the Gulag without proper process or evidence, and later it was formally acknowledged there was no evidence that he had committed any crimes. The rumor that Bronstein was related to the disgraced former Soviet Communist leader Leon Trotsky (whose real family name was Bronstein), was treated as unconfirmed but doubtful by Bronstein in his book The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1995). This rumor may explain the imprisonment of Bronstein's father. [edit]Towards Grandmastership With the tide turning towards an eventual Soviet war victory over the Nazi invaders, Bronstein was able to once again play some competitive chess, and he defeated Soviet championMikhail Botvinnik at the 1944 USSR Championship. Bronstein raised his skill dramatically to place third in the 1945 USSR Championship, and he won both his games played on board ten, helping the Soviet team to victory in the famous 1945 USSR vs. USA Radio Chess Match. He then competed successfully in several team matches, and gradually proved he belonged in the Soviet chess elite. [edit]World Title Challenger (1948-1951) Bronstein's first major international tournament success occurred at the Saltsjöbaden Interzonal of 1948, which he won. He earned his Grandmaster title in 1950, when FIDE, the World Chess Federation, formalized the process. His Interzonal win qualified him for the Candidates' Tournament of 1950 in Budapest. Bronstein became the eventual winner over Boleslavsky in a (Moscow) 1950 play-off, after the two tied in Budapest. The period 1945-50 saw a meteoric rise in Bronstein's development, as he reached the World Chess Championship challenge match, in 1951. Bronstein is widely considered to be one of the greatest post-war players not to have won the World Championship (an accolade he shares with the likes of Paul Keres and Victor Korchnoi). He came agonizingly close to his goal when he drew the 1951 challenge match for the title of World Champion by a score of 12-12 with Mikhail Botvinnik, the reigning champion. In a match where the lead swung back and forth several times, the two titans tested each other in a wide variety of opening formations, and every game (except the 24th) was full-blooded and played hard to a clear finish. Bronstein often avoided lines he had favored in earlier events, and frequently adopted Botvinnik's own preferred variations. This strategy seemed to catch Botvinnik by surprise; the champion had not played competitively for three years since winning the title in 1948. The quality of play was very high by both players, although Botvinnik would later complain of his own weak play. He only grudgingly acknowledged Bronstein's huge talent. Bronstein led by one point with two games to go, but lost the 23rd game and drew the 24th and final game. Under FIDE rules, the title remained with the holder, and Bronstein was never to come so close again. He later wrote that it was likely better that he didn't win the world title, since his artistic personality would have been at odds with Soviet bureaucracy. Botvinnik wrote that Bronstein's failure was caused by a tendency to underestimate endgame technique, and a lack of ability in simple positions. But this seems unfair, given Botvinnik's enormous advantage in experience when dealing with adjourned positions, which largely decided the 1951 match, since Botvinnik won four virtually level endgames after the adjournments. Bronstein proved, both before and after that match, that he was a very skilled endgame player, and could handle any chess position as well as practically anyone else. It has often been alleged that Bronstein was forced by the Soviet authorities to throw the match to allow Botvinnik to win. Similarly, in the 1953 Candidates' Tournament at Neuhausen andZurich, it has been speculated that there was pressure on the top non-Russian Soviets, Keres and Bronstein, to allow Vasily Smyslov to win. Even in the wake of glasnost, however, Bronstein never fully confirmed these rumors in his public statements or writings, admitting only to 'strong psychological pressure' being applied. [edit]Career after 1951 David Bronstein Bronstein challenged throughout in Switzerland, and finished tied for second through fourth places, together with Keres and Samuel Reshevsky. This result qualified him directly for the 1955 Goteborg Interzonal, which he won with an unbeaten score. From there it was on to another near miss in the 1956 Candidates' tournament in Amsterdam, where he wound up in a large tie for third through seventh places, behind winner Smyslov and runner-up Keres. Bronstein had to qualify for the 1958 Interzonal, and did so by placing third at the USSR Championship, Riga 1958. At the 1958 Interzonal inPortorož, Bronstein, who had been picked as pre-event favorite by Bobby Fischer, missed moving on to the 1959 Candidates' by half a point, dropping a last-round game to the much weaker Filipino Rodolfo Tan Cardoso, when the power failed during the game, and he was unable to regain concentration. Bronstein missed qualification at the Soviet Zonal stage for the 1962 cycle. Then at the Amsterdam 1964 Interzonal, Bronstein scored very well, but only three Soviets could advance, by a FIDE rule, and he finished behind countrymen Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, andBoris Spassky, who finished as the joint winners, along with Larsen. His last Interzonal was Petropolis 1973, where at age 49 he placed a solid sixth, but did not advance further. He took many first prizes in tournaments, among the most notable being the Soviet Chess Championships of 1948 (jointly with Alexander Kotov) and 1949 (jointly with Smyslov). He also tied for second place at the Soviet Championships of 1957 and 1964-65. He tied first with Mark Taimanov at the World Students' Championship in 1952 at Liverpool. Bronstein was also a six times winner of the Moscow Championships, and represented the USSR at the Olympiads of 1952, 1954, 1956 and 1958, winning board prizes at each of them, and losing just one of his 49 games in those events. Along the way he won four Olympiad team gold medals. In the 1954 team match against the USA, held in New York, Bronstein scored an almost unheard-of sweep, at this level, of all four of his games on second board. Further major tournament victories were achieved at Hastings 1953-4, Belgrade 1954, Gotha 1957, Moscow 1959, Szombathely 1966, East Berlin 1968, Dnepropetrovsk 1970, Sarajevo1971, Sandomierz 1976, Iwonicz Zdrój 1976, Budapest 1977, and Jūrmala 1978. [edit]Legacy and later years David Bronstein also wrote many chess books and articles, and had a regular chess column in the Soviet newspaper Izvestia for many years. He was perhaps most highly regarded for his authorship of Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953 (English translation 1979). This book was an enormous seller in the USSR, going through many reprints. More recently, he co-authored the autobiographical The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1995), with his friend Tom Furstenburg. Both have become landmarks in chess publishing history; Bronstein seeks to amplify the ideas behind the players' moves, rather than burdening the reader with pages of analysis of moves that never made it onto the scoresheet. Bronstein's romantic vision of chess was shown with his very successful adoption of the rarely-seen King's Gambit in top-level competition. His pioneering theoretical and practical work (along with fellow Ukrainians Boleslavsky and Efim Geller) in transforming the King's Indian Defence should be remembered, and is evidenced in his key contribution to the 1999 book, Bronstein on the King's Indian. Bronstein played an exceptionally wide variety of openings during his long career, on a scale comparable with anyone else who ever reached the top level. Two more variations are named after him. In the Caro-Kann Defence, the Bronstein-Larsen Variation goes 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nf6 5.Nxf6+ gxf6. In the Scandinavian Defence, the Bronstein Variation goes 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qd6. Bronstein refused to sign a group letter denouncing the 1976 defection of Viktor Korchnoi, and he paid a personal price for this independence, as his state-paid Master's stipend was suspended, and he was also barred from major tournaments for more than a year. Bronstein was a chess visionary. He was an early advocate of speeding up competitive chess, and introduced a digital chess clock which adds a small time increment for each move made, a variant of which has become very popular in recent years. He challenged computer programs at every opportunity, usually achieving good results. In later years, Bronstein continued to stay active in tournament play, often in Western Europe after the breakup of the USSR. He maintained a very good standard (jointly winning theHastings Swiss of 1994-5 at age 70), wrote several important chess books, and inspired young and old alike with endless simultaneous displays, a warm, gracious attitude, and glorious tales of his own, rich chess heritage. His health was in decline in his last couple of years, suffering from high blood pressure, and he died on December 5, 2006 at Minsk, Belarus. [edit]Notable chess games http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033554," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033554,">Sergei Belavenets vs David Bronstein, USSR Championship semi-final, Rostov-on-Don 1941, King's Indian Defence, Fianchetto Variation (E67), 0-1 The 17-year-old Bronstein meets the Chairman of the USSR Classification Committee, who had just awarded him the title of Master; the youth shows that it was the right decision! http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033633," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033633,">Ludek Pachman vs David Bronstein, tt Prague 1946, King's Indian Defence, Fianchetto Variation (E67), 0-1 A stunning original tactical onslaught which attracted worldwide acclaim. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033780," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033780,">David Bronstein vs Isaac Boleslavsky, Candidates' Playoff Match, Moscow 1950, game 1, Grunfeld Defence (D89), 1-0 Bronstein offers a far-seeing exchange sacrifice, which ties Black up, leading to a beautiful strategical win. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1032212," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1032212,">Mikhail Botvinnik vs David Bronstein, World Championship Match, Moscow 1951, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein Variation (E47), 0-1 Although Bronstein had a slight minus record against Botvinnik, he beat Botvinnik several times with the Black pieces. Here's one of his wins from their 1951 World Championship match. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1032210," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1032210,">David Bronstein vs Mikhail Botvinnik, World Championship Match, Moscow 1951, game 22, Dutch Defence, Stonewall Variation (A91), 1-0 A very deep combination exploits Black's back-rank weakness, giving Bronstein a one-game lead with two to play. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033870," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033870,">Samuel Reshevsky vs David Bronstein, Zurich Candidates' 1953, King's Indian, Fianchetto Variation (E68), 0-1 Beforehand, Bronstein was ordered by Soviet chess authorities to win this crucial game, in order to stop Reshevsky's chances of winning the tournament. He gives it everything he has, and triumphs over stout defense. This game was chosen by grandmaster Ulf Andersson as his favourite game by another player and he analyses it in Learn from the Grandmasters. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033895," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033895,">David Bronstein vs Paul Keres, Goteborg Interzonal 1955, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein Variation (E41), 1-0 A dramatic game between two attacking geniuses. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033948," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1033948,">Itzak Aloni vs David Bronstein, Moscow Olympiad 1956, King's Indian Defence, Saemisch Variation (E85), 0-1 This virtuoso game sees Bronstein sacrifice three pawns to open queenside lines into Aloni's King position. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262289," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262289,">Stefan Brzozka vs David Bronstein, USSR 1963, Dutch Defence, Leningrad Variation (A88), 0-1 A surprising and deep positional breakthrough. The most interesting part of the game starts with White's 42nd move, trying to sacrifice an exchange in order to achieve a seemingly sterile blocked position. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034538," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034538,">Lev Polugaevsky vs David Bronstein, USSR 1971, English Opening, Symmetrical Variation (A34), 0-1 Bronstein offers an original, problematic pawn sacrifice, which Polugaevsky accepts, leaving him tied up for the rest of the game; Bronstein converts his positional advantage with deep tactics. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034661," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034661,">David Bronstein vs Ljubomir Ljubojevic, Petropolis Interzonal 1973, Alekhine's Defence, Four Pawns' Attack (B03), 1-0 A long-range rook sacrifice eventually brings home the point in scintillating style to win the First Brilliancy Prize. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034937," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034937,">David Bronstein vs Viktor Kupreichik, USSR Championship sem-final, Minsk 1983, King's Indian Defence (E90), 1-0 Kupreichik goes toe-to-toe with Bronstein in the King's Indian, and the old master shows the young one a trick or two! http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034951," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034951,">David Bronstein vs Ivan Sokolov, Pancevo 1987, Grunfeld Defence, Russian Variation (D98), 1-0 Another young master experiences Bronstein's aging but potent chess powers. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034995," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1034995,">Stuart Conquest vs David Bronstein, London 1989, Caro-Kann Defence (B10), 0-1 A dazzling tactical display leaves White helpless in only 26 moves. http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: initial; padding-right: 13px; color: #3366bb; background-position: 100% 50%;" title="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1035015," rel="nofollow" href="http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1035015,">David Bronstein vs Walter Browne, Reykjavik 1990, Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation (B99), 1-0 In a very deep theoretical variation, Bronstein comes up with some new ideas, and even Najdorf guru Browne, a six-time U.S. champion, can't find his way. [edit]Sample game

David Bronstein.2 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 6:11am. Бронштейн, Давид Ионович Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн (19 февраля 1924, Белая Церковь, Украина — 5 декабря 2006, Минск, Белоруссия) — шахматист, гроссмейстер (с 1950). Двукратный чемпион СССР —1948 (разделил первое место с А.Котовым) и 1949 (разделил первое место со В.Смысловым). Победитель межзональных турниров в Сальтшёбадене 1948, и Гётеборге 1955. Игра Ботвинник - Бронштейн (1951) Участник матча на первенство мира 1951 года (Москва). Это был первый матч, в котором М. М. Ботвинник отстаивал свой титул. Матч завершился вничью (12:12), и чемпион остался на троне. Однако Бронштейн навечно останется в истории шахмат даже если бы он и не играл вовсе матчей на первенство мира. Это — один из величайших и оригинальнейших шахматных игроков всех времен. По мнению В. Л. Корчного, который вообще редко раздает похвалы, именно Бронштейн глубже всех из наших современников понимал шахматы. Бронштейн внес значительный вклад в теорию дебютов (королевский гамбит и открытые дебюты, староиндийская защита, французская защита, защита Каро-Канн, голландская защита и т. д.). Творчество Бронштейна оказало и продолжает оказывать влияние на всех шахматистов, которые подходят к игре как к импровизации, как к творческому процессу с непредвидимым заранее результатом. Бронштейн — один из тех, кто способствовал реформации временного контроля в шахматах. С его легкой руки начались соревнования по быстрым шахматам. Бронштейн придумал идею поединка, при котором гроссмейстеры одновременно играют друг с другом несколько поединков (и выиграл такой сеанс у гроссмейстера Е. А. Васюкова). Бронштейн — автор настольной книги шахматистов всех возрастов «Международный турнир гроссмейстеров» (о турнире претендентов в Цюрихе, 1953). Его перу принадлежат и другие книги, без которых трудно представить шахматное образование классного шахматиста: «200 открытых партий», «Самоучитель шахматной игры». Недавно появившийся труд «Давид против Голиафа» (в соавторстве с С.Воронковым) — замечательное творение о борьбе человеческого гения (в лице Бронштейна) против компьютерных программ. Скончался 5 декабря 2006 года в Минске. Содержание 1 Основные спортивные результаты 2 Книги 3 Литература 4 Ссылки Основные спортивные результаты ГодТурнирРезультатМесто 1940 Чемпионат Украины 2 1944 13-й чемпионат СССР 6½ из 16 15 1945 14-й чемпионат СССР 10 из 17 3 Радиоматч СССР — США (10 доска) 2 из 2 1946 Чемпионат Москвы 11½ из 15 1 Радиоматч СССР — Великобритания (7 доска) 1 из 2 Матч-турнир Москва — Прага 10½ из 12 1947 Чемпионат Москвы 9 из 14 1-3 15-й чемпионат СССР 11 из 19 6 1948 Межзональный турнир 13½ из 19 1 1948 16-й чемпионат СССР 12 из 18 1-2 1949 17-й чемпионат СССР 13 из 19 1-2 1950 Турнир претендентов 12 bp 18 1-2 Матч с И. Болеславским 7½ : 6½ 1951 Матч на первенство мира с М. Ботвинником 12 : 12 19-й чемпионат СССР 9½ из 17 6-8 1952 20-й чемпионат СССР 10½ из 19 7-9 1953 Турнир претендентов 16 из 28 2-4 Чемпионат Москвы 12½ из 15 1 1953-54 Гастингс 6½ из 9 1-2 1954 Белград 13½ из 19 1 1955 Межзональный турнир 15 из 20 1 1956 Турнир претендентов 9½ из 18 3-7 1957 24-й чемпионат СССР 13½ из 21 2-3 Чемпионат Москвы 10½ из 12 1 Гота 1 1958 25-й чемпионат СССР 11½ из 18 3 Межзональный турнир 11½ из 20 7-11 1959 26-й чемпионат СССР 9 из 19 12-13 Москва 7 из 11 1-3 Чемпионат Москвы 10 из 15 3 1960 27-й чемпионат СССР 9 из 19 12-13 1960 Мар-дель-Плата 11½ из 15 3 1961 28-й чемпионат СССР 9 из 19 12-13 Мемориал Мароци (Будапешт) 9½ из 15 2-3 Чемпионат Москвы 11½ из 17 1-2 Матч с Л. Шамковичем на первенство Москвы 3½ : 2½ 29-й чемпионат СССР 12½ из 20 3 1962 Москва 9 из 15 3-6 1963 Бевервейк 11½ из 17 2 Мишкольц 2 31-й чемпионат СССР 11½ из 19 4-6 1964 Межзональный турнир 16 из 23 6 1964-65 32-й чемпионат СССР 13 из 19 2 1965 33-й чемпионат СССР 9½ из 19 9 1966 Мемориал Асталоша (Сомбатхей) 11½ из 15 1-2 1966-67 34-й чемпионат СССР 10½ из 20 8-9 1968 Чемпионат Москвы 10½ из 15 1-2 Амстердам 2 Мемориал Ласкера (Берлин) 1-2 1971 Сараево 9 из 15 1-3 39-й чемпионат СССР 11½ из 21 7-8 Мемориал Алехина (Москва) 9 из 17 8-10 1972 40-й чемпионат СССР 9½ из 21 13-16 1973 Межзональный турнир (Петрополис) 10½ из 17 6 1974 Сан-Хосе 1 1975 43-й чемпионат СССР 7½ из 15 9-10 1975-76 Гастингс 10 из 15 1-3 1976 Сандомеж 1 1977 Будапешт 11 из 16 1 1978 Юрмала 10 из 15 1 1982 Чемпионат Москвы 11½ из 17 1-2 Панчево 2-4 Книги Международный турнир гроссмейстеров : Комментарии к партиям турнира претендентов на матч с чемпионом мира. Нейгаузен — Цюрих, 29 августа — 24 октября 1953 г. Москва : Физкультура и спорт, 1956. 436 с (2-е изд. 1960; 3-е изд. 1983) 200 открытых партий. Москва : Физкультура и спорт, 1970. 248 с. Прекрасный и яростный мир : (Субъективные заметки о современных шахматах). Москва : Знание, 1977. 112 с, 8 л. ил. В соавторстве с » posted in AWARDCHESS's Blog | 46 reads | 0 comments

David Bronstein.1 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 5:52am. World Chess Championship 1951 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The 1951 World Chess Championship was played between Mikhail Botvinnik and David Bronstein in Moscow from March 15 to May 11, 1951. Botvinnik retained his title. [edit]Results The match was played as best of 24 games. If it ended 12-12, Botvinnik, the holder, would retain the Championship. World Chess Championship Match 1951 123456789101112131415161718192021222324Points Mikhail Botvinnik (Soviet Union)/ Russia ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 12 David Bronstein (Soviet Union)/ Ukraine ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 0 ½ 12 Botvinnik retained the Championship. [edit] » posted in AWARDCHESS's Blog | 48 reads | 1 comment Comments: Edit | Delete by AWARDCHESS - 4 months ago Los Angeles United States Member Since: May 2008Member Points: 9303 10 November -13 December 1948 Moscow David BronsteinAlexander Kotov 12/18 (+7-1=10)12/18 (+10-4=4) 17 16 October -20 November 1949 Moscow Vasily SmyslovDavid Bronstein 13/19 (+9-2=8)13/19 (+8-1=10)

David Bronstein.4 « Blogs home Submitted by AWARDCHESS on Tue, 10/07/2008 at 6:25am. Photo courtesy of Eric Schiller. David Bronstein Number of games in database: 2,182Years covered: 1938 to 1997Current FIDE rating: 2432Highest rating achieved in database: 2590Overall record: +827 -327 =1006 (61.6%)* * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games Based on games in the database; may be incomplete. 22 exhibition games, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic. MOST PLAYED OPENINGS With the White pieces: Sicilian (212) B40 B31 B20 B50 B90 Ruy Lopez (131) C77 C97 C78 C91 C92 Nimzo Indian (75) E41 E21 E55 E59 E32 French Defense (67) C07 C18 C15 C00 C05 Ruy Lopez, Closed (57) C97 C91 C92 C99 C98 King's Indian (55) E90 E67 E80 E71 E60 With the Black pieces: French Defense (122) C07 C16 C15 C09 C18 King's Indian (95) E67 E60 E80 E92 E69 Ruy Lopez (86) C76 C63 C69 C92 C99 Sicilian (86) B92 B32 B51 B90 B40 Caro-Kann (83) B16 B10 B14 B15 B13 Queen's Pawn Game (55) A40 A45 D02 A46 E10 NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?] Bronstein vs Ljubojevic, 1973 1-0 Bronstein vs M20 (Computer), 1963 1-0 I Efimov vs Bronstein, 1941 0-1 Kaplan vs Bronstein, 1975 0-1 Bronstein vs Keres, 1955 1-0 Petrosian vs Bronstein, 1956 0-1 N Bakulin vs Bronstein, 1965 0-1 Bronstein vs Geller, 1961 1-0 Bronstein vs NN, 1950 1-0 Bronstein vs Deep Blue, 1996 1/2-1/2WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS: [what is this?] Botvinnik-Bronstein World Championship Match (1951)GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?] 200 open games by David Bronstein (part 1) by tak gambit Bronstein's Run by suenteus po 147 200 Open Games by David Bronstein (part 2) by tak gambit Bronstein vs Computers. by lostemperor Sorcerer's Apprentice Bronstein by tak gambit King's Indian pioneers by keywiz84 WCC Index [Zurich 1953] by suenteus po 147 WCC Index [Bronstein-Botvinnik 1951] by Suenteus Po Interzonals 1948: Saltsjobaden by capybara 17th USSR Championship - Bronstein's Momentum by Resignation Trap WCC Index [Budapest 1950] by nescio2 Bronstein at the 16th USSR Championship by Resignation Trap WCC Index [Candidates Tournament, 1956] by Resignation Trap Garry Kasparov's On My Great Predecessors (2) by AdrianP Search Sacrifice Explorer for David BronsteinSearch Google® for David Bronstein DAVID BRONSTEIN(born Feb-19-1924, died Dec-05-2006) Ukraine [what is this?] David Ionovich Bronstein, born February 19, 1924 in Belaya Tserkov was one of the strongest and most imaginative players to emerge from the talent-rich Soviet Union. Bronstein twice shared the USSR Championship, in 1948 with Alexander Kotov and in 1949 along with Vasily Smyslov. In 1950 he won the Budapest Tournament to earn a match for the World Chess Championship against Mikhail Botvinnik. After twenty-two games Bronstein led the match and needed just one point from the last two games to win the title. Alas, it was not to be as Botvinnik won the twenty-third game and held the draw in the final game to tie the match and retain his crown. GM Bronstein has made many contributions to theory in openings such as the Ruy Lopez, King's Indian, and Caro-Kann. page 1 of 88; games 1-25 of 2,182 Game Result Moves Year Event/Locale Opening 1. E Poliak vs Bronstein 0-1 36 1938 Kiev D10 Queen's Gambit Declined Slav 2. Bronstein vs I Zaslavsky 1-0 25 1938 Kiev C43 Petrov, Modern Attack 3. Bronstein vs V Gaiwevsky 1-0 48 1939 Dniepropetrovsk C66 Ruy Lopez 4. Bronstein vs Y Kaem 1-0 28 1939 Dniepropetrovsk C71 Ruy Lopez 5. L Kanevsky vs Bronstein 0-1 34 1939 Soviet Union C46 Three Knights 6. Y Lembersky vs Bronstein 0-1 37 1939 Kiev-tm USSR/YUG C25 Vienna 7. Bronstein vs B Ratner 1-0 35 1939 Soviet Union B20 Sicilian 8. Bronstein vs S Zhukhovitsky 1-0 32 1940 Kiev jr C98 Ruy Lopez, Closed, Chigorin 9. Bronstein vs R Piatnitsky 1-0 15 1940 Kiev jr C41 Philidor Defense 10. Bronstein vs L Morgulis 1-0 34 1940 Kiev-tm USSR/YUG C25 Vienna 11. Bronstein vs Gorenstein ½-½ 15 1940 Kiev C29 Vienna Gambit 12. I Efimov vs Bronstein 0-1 12 1941 Kiev URS C34 King's Gambit Accepted 13. S Belavenets vs Bronstein 0-1 24 1941 URS A54 Old Indian, Ukrainian Variation, 4.Nf3 14. Bronstein vs Kuzminykh 0-1 41 1941 Rostov on Don (Russia) C79 Ruy Lopez, Steinitz Defense Deferred 15. Bronstein vs V Mikenas 1-0 25 1941 URS C40 King's Knight Opening 16. G Veressov vs Bronstein 1-0 105 1944 URS-ch D63 Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defense 17. Ravinsky vs Bronstein ½-½ 41 1944 URS-ch C76 Ruy Lopez, Modern Steinitz Defense, Fianchetto Variation 18. Bronstein vs Boleslavsky ½-½ 34 1944 URS-ch B56 Sicilian 19. V Mikenas vs Bronstein 1-0 64 1944 URS-ch E46 Nimzo-Indian 20. Bronstein vs V Makogonov ½-½ 43 1944 URS-ch C83 Ruy Lopez, Open 21. Bronstein vs Ragozin 1-0 41 1944 URS-ch B72 Sicilian, Dragon 22. Kotov vs Bronstein 1-0 31 1944 Ch URS E67 King's Indian, Fianchetto 23. Tolush vs Bronstein 0-1 40 1944 URS-ch A54 Old Indian, Ukrainian Variation, 4.Nf3 24. Bronstein vs Flohr 0-1 35 1944 URS-ch C82 Ruy Lopez, Open 25. V Makogonov vs Bronstein 1-0 42 1944 Kiev E90 King's Indian page 1 of 88; games 1-25 of 2,182 REFINE SEARCH: White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Bronstein wins | Bronstein loses The World's Finest Chess Sets & Boards » posted in AWARDCHESS's Blog | 78 reads | 0 comments

David Bronstein From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.David Bronstein Full name David Ionovich Bronstein Country Ukraine Soviet Union Born February 19, 1924(1924-02-19)Bila Tserkva, Ukrainian SSR Died December 5, 2006 (aged 82)Minsk, Belarus Title Grandmaster David Ionovich Bronstein (Дави́д Ио́нович Бронште́йн; February 19, 1924 – December 5, 2006) was renowned as a leading chess grandmaster and writer. Described as a creative genius and master of tactics by pundits the world over, Bronstein provided ample evidence that chess should be regarded as part science, part art. Contents [hide] 1 Early life 2 Towards Grandmastership 3 World Title Challenger (1948-1951) 4 Career after 1951 5 Legacy and later years 6 Notable chess games 7 Sample game 8 See also 9 References 10 Notes 11 Further reading 12 External links [edit] Early life Bronstein was born in Bila Tserkva, Ukraine, into a Jewish family. He learned chess at age six from his grandfather. As a youth in Kiev, he was trained by the renowned International Master Alexander Konstantinopolsky. He was second in the Kiev Championship at age 15, and achieved the Soviet Master title at 16 for his second-place result in the 1940 Ukrainian Chess Championship, behind Isaac Boleslavsky, who became a very close friend and chess companion. Much later in life, Bronstein married Boleslavsky's daughter, Tatiana, in 1984. After completing high school, his plans to study Mathematics at Kiev University in 1941 were interrupted by the eastern European spread of World War II. He did study for a time at Leningrad Polytechnical Institute after the war. Judged unfit for military service, Bronstein spent the war in various menial jobs including reconstruction of war-damaged buildings. His father, Johonon, was imprisoned for several years in the Gulag without proper process or evidence, and later it was formally acknowledged there was no evidence that he had committed any crimes. The rumor that Bronstein was related to the disgraced former Soviet Communist leader Leon Trotsky (whose real family name was Bronstein), was treated as unconfirmed but doubtful by Bronstein in his book The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1995). This rumor may explain the imprisonment of Bronstein's father. [edit] Towards Grandmastership With the tide turning towards an eventual Soviet war victory over the Nazi invaders, Bronstein was able to once again play some competitive chess, and he defeated Soviet champion Mikhail Botvinnik at the 1944 USSR Championship. Bronstein raised his skill dramatically to place third in the 1945 USSR Championship, and he won both his games played on board ten, helping the Soviet team to victory in the famous 1945 USSR vs. USA Radio Chess Match. He then competed successfully in several team matches, and gradually proved he belonged in the Soviet chess elite. [edit] World Title Challenger (1948-1951) Bronstein's first major international tournament success occurred at the Saltsjöbaden Interzonal of 1948, which he won. He earned his Grandmaster title in 1950, when FIDE, the World Chess Federation, formalized the process. His Interzonal win qualified him for the Candidates' Tournament of 1950 in Budapest. Bronstein became the eventual winner over Boleslavsky in a (Moscow) 1950 play-off, after the two tied in Budapest. The period 1945-50 saw a meteoric rise in Bronstein's development, as he reached the World Chess Championship challenge match, in 1951. Bronstein is widely considered to be one of the greatest post-war players not to have won the World Championship (an accolade he shares with the likes of Paul Keres and Victor Korchnoi). He came agonizingly close to his goal when he drew the 1951 challenge match for the title of World Champion by a score of 12-12 with Mikhail Botvinnik, the reigning champion. In a match where the lead swung back and forth several times, the two titans tested each other in a wide variety of opening formations, and every game (except the 24th) was full-blooded and played hard to a clear finish. Bronstein often avoided lines he had favored in earlier events, and frequently adopted Botvinnik's own preferred variations. This strategy seemed to catch Botvinnik by surprise; the champion had not played competitively for three years since winning the title in 1948. The quality of play was very high by both players, although Botvinnik would later complain of his own weak play. He only grudgingly acknowledged Bronstein's huge talent. Bronstein led by one point with two games to go, but lost the 23rd game and drew the 24th and final game. Under FIDE rules, the title remained with the holder, and Bronstein was never to come so close again. He later wrote that it was likely better that he didn't win the world title, since his artistic personality would have been at odds with Soviet bureaucracy. Botvinnik wrote that Bronstein's failure was caused by a tendency to underestimate endgame technique, and a lack of ability in simple positions. But this seems unfair, given Botvinnik's enormous advantage in experience when dealing with adjourned positions, which largely decided the 1951 match, since Botvinnik won four virtually level endgames after the adjournments. Bronstein proved, both before and after that match, that he was a very skilled endgame player, and could handle any chess position as well as practically anyone else. It has often been alleged that Bronstein was forced by the Soviet authorities to throw the match to allow Botvinnik to win. Similarly, in the 1953 Candidates' Tournament at Neuhausen and Zurich, it has been speculated that there was pressure on the top non-Russian Soviets, Keres and Bronstein, to allow Vasily Smyslov to win. Even in the wake of glasnost, however, Bronstein never fully confirmed these rumors in his public statements or writings, admitting only to 'strong psychological pressure' being applied. [edit] Career after 1951 David Bronstein Bronstein challenged throughout in Switzerland, and finished tied for second through fourth places, together with Keres and Samuel Reshevsky. This result qualified him directly for the 1955 Goteborg Interzonal, which he won with an unbeaten score. From there it was on to another near miss in the 1956 Candidates' tournament in Amsterdam, where he wound up in a large tie for third through seventh places, behind winner Smyslov and runner-up Keres. Bronstein had to qualify for the 1958 Interzonal, and did so by placing third at the USSR Championship, Riga 1958. At the 1958 Interzonal in Portorož, Bronstein, who had been picked as pre-event favorite by Bobby Fischer, missed moving on to the 1959 Candidates' by half a point, dropping a last-round game to the much weaker Filipino Rodolfo Tan Cardoso, when the power failed during the game, and he was unable to regain concentration. Bronstein missed qualification at the Soviet Zonal stage for the 1962 cycle. Then at the Amsterdam 1964 Interzonal, Bronstein scored very well, but only three Soviets could advance, by a FIDE rule, and he finished behind countrymen Smyslov, Mikhail Tal, and Boris Spassky, who finished as the joint winners, along with Larsen. His last Interzonal was Petropolis 1973, where at age 49 he placed a solid sixth, but did not advance further. He took many first prizes in tournaments, among the most notable being the Soviet Chess Championships of 1948 (jointly with Alexander Kotov) and 1949 (jointly with Smyslov). He also tied for second place at the Soviet Championships of 1957 and 1964-65. He tied first with Mark Taimanov at the World Students' Championship in 1952 at Liverpool. Bronstein was also a six times winner of the Moscow Championships, and represented the USSR at the Olympiads of 1952, 1954, 1956 and 1958, winning board prizes at each of them, and losing just one of his 49 games in those events. Along the way he won four Olympiad team gold medals. In the 1954 team match against the USA, held in New York, Bronstein scored an almost unheard-of sweep, at this level, of all four of his games on second board. Further major tournament victories were achieved at Hastings 1953-4, Belgrade 1954, Gotha 1957, Moscow 1959, Szombathely 1966, East Berlin 1968, Dnepropetrovsk 1970, Sarajevo 1971, Sandomierz 1976, Iwonicz Zdrój 1976, Budapest 1977, and Jūrmala 1978. [edit] Legacy and later years David Bronstein also wrote many chess books and articles, and had a regular chess column in the Soviet newspaper Izvestia for many years. He was perhaps most highly regarded for his authorship of Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953 (English translation 1979). This book was an enormous seller in the USSR, going through many reprints. More recently, he co-authored the autobiographical The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1995), with his friend Tom Furstenburg. Both have become landmarks in chess publishing history; Bronstein seeks to amplify the ideas behind the players' moves, rather than burdening the reader with pages of analysis of moves that never made it onto the scoresheet. Bronstein's romantic vision of chess was shown with his very successful adoption of the rarely-seen King's Gambit in top-level competition. His pioneering theoretical and practical work (along with fellow Ukrainians Boleslavsky and Efim Geller) in transforming the King's Indian Defence should be remembered, and is evidenced in his key contribution to the 1999 book, Bronstein on the King's Indian. Bronstein played an exceptionally wide variety of openings during his long career, on a scale comparable with anyone else who ever reached the top level. Two more variations are named after him. In the Caro-Kann Defence, the Bronstein-Larsen Variation goes 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 dxe4 4.Nxe4 Nf6 5.Nxf6+ gxf6. In the Scandinavian Defence, the Bronstein Variation goes 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qd6. Bronstein refused to sign a group letter denouncing the 1976 defection of Viktor Korchnoi, and he paid a personal price for this independence, as his state-paid Master's stipend was suspended, and he was also barred from major tournaments for more than a year. Bronstein was a chess visionary. He was an early advocate of speeding up competitive chess, and introduced a digital chess clock which adds a small time increment for each move made, a variant of which has become very popular in recent years. He challenged computer programs at every opportunity, usually achieving good results. In later years, Bronstein continued to stay active in tournament play, often in Western Europe after the breakup of the USSR. He maintained a very good standard (jointly winning the Hastings Swiss of 1994-5 at age 70), wrote several important chess books, and inspired young and old alike with endless simultaneous displays, a warm, gracious attitude, and glorious tales of his own, rich chess heritage. His health was in decline in his last couple of years, suffering from high blood pressure, and he died on December 5, 2006 at Minsk, Belarus. His final book was nearly complete when he died; it was published in 2007: Secret Notes, by David Bronstein and Sergei Voronkov, Zurich 2007, Edition Olms, ISBN 9783283004644. In the introduction to the book, Garry Kasparov, a fervent admirer of Bronstein's chess contributions, offers his opinion that Bronstein, based on his play, should have won the 1951 match against Botvinnik. [edit] Notable chess games Sergei Belavenets vs David Bronstein, USSR Championship semi-final, Rostov-on-Don 1941, King's Indian Defence, Fianchetto Variation (E67), 0-1 The 17-year-old Bronstein meets the Chairman of the USSR Classification Committee, who had just awarded him the title of Master; the youth shows that it was the right decision! Ludek Pachman vs David Bronstein, tt Prague 1946, King's Indian Defence, Fianchetto Variation (E67), 0-1 A stunning original tactical onslaught which attracted worldwide acclaim. David Bronstein vs Isaac Boleslavsky, Candidates' Playoff Match, Moscow 1950, game 1, Grunfeld Defence (D89), 1-0 Bronstein offers a far-seeing exchange sacrifice, which ties Black up, leading to a beautiful strategical win. Mikhail Botvinnik vs David Bronstein, World Championship Match, Moscow 1951, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein Variation (E47), 0-1 Although Bronstein had a slight minus record against Botvinnik, he beat Botvinnik several times with the Black pieces. Here's one of his wins from their 1951 World Championship match. David Bronstein vs Mikhail Botvinnik, World Championship Match, Moscow 1951, game 22, Dutch Defence, Stonewall Variation (A91), 1-0 A very deep combination exploits Black's back-rank weakness, giving Bronstein a one-game lead with two to play. Samuel Reshevsky vs David Bronstein, Zurich Candidates' 1953, King's Indian, Fianchetto Variation (E68), 0-1 Beforehand, Bronstein was ordered by Soviet chess authorities to win this crucial game, in order to stop Reshevsky's chances of winning the tournament. He gives it everything he has, and triumphs over stout defense. This game was chosen by grandmaster Ulf Andersson as his favourite game by another player and he analyses it in Learn from the Grandmasters. David Bronstein vs Paul Keres, Goteborg Interzonal 1955, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein Variation (E41), 1-0 A dramatic game between two attacking geniuses. Itzak Aloni vs David Bronstein, Moscow Olympiad 1956, King's Indian Defence, Saemisch Variation (E85), 0-1 This virtuoso game sees Bronstein sacrifice three pawns to open queenside lines into Aloni's King position. Stefan Brzozka vs David Bronstein, USSR 1963, Dutch Defence, Leningrad Variation (A88), 0-1 A surprising and deep positional breakthrough. The most interesting part of the game starts with White's 42nd move, trying to sacrifice an exchange in order to achieve a seemingly sterile blocked position. Lev Polugaevsky vs David Bronstein, USSR 1971, English Opening, Symmetrical Variation (A34), 0-1 Bronstein offers an original, problematic pawn sacrifice, which Polugaevsky accepts, leaving him tied up for the rest of the game; Bronstein converts his positional advantage with deep tactics. David Bronstein vs Ljubomir Ljubojevic, Petropolis Interzonal 1973, Alekhine's Defence, Four Pawns' Attack (B03), 1-0 A long-range rook sacrifice eventually brings home the point in scintillating style to win the First Brilliancy Prize. David Bronstein vs Viktor Kupreichik, USSR Championship sem-final, Minsk 1983, King's Indian Defence (E90), 1-0 Kupreichik goes toe-to-toe with Bronstein in the King's Indian, and the old master shows the young one a trick or two! David Bronstein vs Ivan Sokolov, Pancevo 1987, Grunfeld Defence, Russian Variation (D98), 1-0 Another young master experiences Bronstein's aging but potent chess powers. Stuart Conquest vs David Bronstein, London 1989, Caro-Kann Defence (B10), 0-1 A dazzling tactical display leaves White helpless in only 26 moves. David Bronstein vs Walter Browne, Reykjavik 1990, Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation (B99), 1-0 In a very deep theoretical variation, Bronstein comes up with some new ideas, and even Najdorf guru Browne, a six-time U.S. champion, can't find his way. [edit] Sample game The final position of Bronstein v. Korchnoi, Moscow v. Leningrad Match 1962 During the 1962 Moscow v. Leningrad Match Bronstein played the top board for the Moscow team. With the white pieces he defeated Viktor Korchnoi in a game that ended with a tactic he would later describe as "one of the best combinations in my life, if not the best."[1] The moves are given in algebraic notation. 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.O-O Nxe4 6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3 Be7 10.Bc2 O-O 11.Qe2 f5 12.exf6 Bxf6 13.Nbd2 Bf5 14.Nxe4 Bxe4 15.Bxe4 dxe4 16.Qxe4 Qd7 17.Bf4 Rae8 18.Qc2 Bh4 19.Bg3 Bxg3 20.hxg3 Ne5 21.Nxe5 Rxe5 22.Rfe1 Rd5 23.Rad1 c5 24.a4 Rd8 25.Rxd5 Qxd5 26.axb5 axb5 27.Qe2 b4 28.cxb4 cxb4 29.Qg4 b3 30.Kh2 Qf7 31.Qg5 Rd7 32.f3 h6 33.Qe3 Rd8 34.g4 Kh8 35.Qb6 Rd2 36.Qb8+ Kh7 37.Re8 Qxf3 38.Rh8+ Kg6 39.Rxh6+ (see diagram) Bronstein: "Kortchnoi remained unruffled. He wrote down my move on his scoresheet and began carefully studying the position. I think it seemed incredible to him that White could sacrifice his last rook (I myself could not believe my eyes!). And only when he had convinced himself, did he stop the clocks. These are the variations: A) 39... Kf7 40.Qc7+ Kg8 41.Qc8+ Kf7 42.Qe6+ Kf8 43.Rh8 mate; B) 39... Kg5 40.Qe5+ Kxg4 41.Rg6+ Kh4 42.Qg5 mate; C) 39... gxh6 40.Qg8+ Kf6 41.Qf8+; D) 39... Kxh6 40.Qh8+ Kg6 41.Qh5+ Kf6 42.g5+!"[1]1-0 [edit] See also Game clock - for Bronstein delay [edit] References Barden, Leonard. (1980), Play better CHESS with Leaonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. 49, ISBN 0-7064-0967-1en.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, p. 66-67, ISBN 1-55521-394-4en.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> Hooper, David and Whyld, Kenneth (1984), The Oxford Companion to Chess, Oxford University Pressen.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> Whyld, Kenneth (1986), (Guinness) Chess; The Recordsen.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> Kazic (1974), International Championship Chessen.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> Sunnucks (1970), The Encyclopaedia of Chessen.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> David Bronstein (1973), Two Hundred Open Games, McMillanen.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> David Bronstein (1995), The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Cadogan, ISBN 1-857441516en.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> David Bronstein (1953), Zurich International Chess Tournament 1953, English Translation Dover(1979)en.wikipedia.org:David_Bronstein"> [edit] Notes ^ a b New In Chess, 2007/1. For the Love of the Game, pp.56-61 This article includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations where appropriate. [edit] Further reading Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games by Irving Chernev; Dover; August 1995. ISBN 0-486-28674-6 [edit] External links David Bronstein at ChessGames.com Obituary by Leonard Barden at Guardian Unlimited Obituary by Frederic Friedel at Chessbase