Is this the site of compulsive writers?
I started playing chess at the age of 47
It just struck me that the OP is a USA History teacher, which is all about blacks and whites.
So chess makes sense, even if draughts is a more American game
I do a good chess course. It includes inspirational prompting via electric shock treatment. It's called Pavlovian Prompting ... make your pet good at chess.
Pavlovian training is usually about rewards, not punishment

Yes you have to have a simple solid starting strukturerad i.e. an opening. 1d42Bf43e3 is good. Nf3Be2Nbd2 and c3 when c5. As black 1e62d5Nf6Be7Nbd7b6Bb7 and castle early. A good check list after EVERY opponent move is 1.control all checks 2.control every possible take 3.try to see if there are and addition threats especially from the gueen and bishops. They are long range.

As you are a teacher and you can learn fast and easy you must learn e4 Rui Lopez with all his theory and d4 Queens Gambit with all his theory. There are many books that explain those oppenings in details so you will make not a blunder next time!

Not convinced.
After White releases the tension with 3. e5 the situation in the center has changed completely.
Black's c7-c6 was a response to the earlier situation. Black's c6-c5 is a response to the new situation.
Do you ever play the KIA against the Caro-Kann? In the line where Black tries to set up a broad center:
1. e4 c6 2. d3 d5 3. Nd2 Nd7 4. Nf3 e5 White's best move might very well be 5. d4! even though it loses a whole tempo. The situation has changed, so of course the response changes.

Hi!
Have you tried with the help of a coach? Customized lessons will do a lot more for your improvement than going solo.
About how to avoid hanging pieces, I wrote a post on the subject it might interest you:
Good luck!
The biggest reason people struggle in lower-level chess is because of blunders. They make them in almost every game.
A mistake can instantly put you in a bad position, no matter how well you played earlier: if you had great opening knowledge, great positional skills, great endgame skills, whatever; a single mistake can change everything (you lose a piece or get checkmated).
So, how do you avoid blunders? Follow this simple algorithm:
While avoiding blunders is crucial, I also share a few basic principles with my students. These principles help them figure out what to do in each part of the game - the opening, the middlegame, and the endgame. Understanding these simple principles is like having a map for your moves. I provide my students with more advanced algorithms that incorporate these fundamental principles. When you use this knowledge along with being careful about blunders, you're not just getting better at defending. You're also learning a well-rounded approach to chess. Keep in mind, chess is not just about not making mistakes; it's about making smart and planned moves to outsmart your opponent.