Which design goes in to Staunton !? Lardy, Chavet ..?

What exactly is Staunton design in short form? 

Also as I Understand Lardy, Chavet , German Knight all can be called Staunton right?  If so , what other design there is besides those that is also classified as Staunton ? 

And last question what is the difference between Lady design and Chavet? 

@ESP-918 - there are many more experienced collectors who will no doubt comment in detail - but to my understanding the Staunton design emerged in 1849 with a lineage out of Old English, St George and Northern Upright styles … with the Staunton pieces designed for greater stability.

My knowledge is gleaned from a wonderful book by Holger Langer - On the Collecting of Chess Sets, which I highly recommend. It has a chapter dedicated to Staunton pieces. It notes that the design was informed by Nathaniel Cooke, John Jacques and Howard Staunton. The book details a raft of attributes of the Staunton style  and the FIDE Manual also describes attributes associated with the Staunton style, I believe.

I’ll get cramp typing any more on my phone 😉 but I hope the references above help. 

Lardy and Chavet were chess makers in the same region of France.  The designs vary a little bit depending on the size of the set and the time period it was made.  When people say "Chavet" they usually refer to this style of set, specifically the knight design.  The sets were not always labeled on the original boxes, or they were sold by other distributors, so sometimes when people say "Lardy" they are just guessing because it looks like a french set that probably is a Lardy.  However, I suspect many sets people call 'Lardy' are actually made by Chavet, but just have a more Lardy-style knight (although I have not seen clear proof of this).  The reasons I think that has to do with the shapes of the other pieces and finishing style are identical (or nearly identical) to known Chavet sets with the 'Chavet' knight.

Chavet examples:

https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/chavet-ndeg-8

Lardy examples:

https://www.chess.com/forum/view/chess-equipment/lardy-appreciation-thread

The 3 main Lardy styles are the early sets with Dog-face knights, the 'Glass-eyed knights'(usually made of olive and rosewood), and the classic styled tetes fines sets.  Usually when people say 'Lardy' they are referring to the last type.

I am no expert but I believe Howard Staunton created a design that became the standard in the mid-1800s. The standard design is what you would see in early Jaques of London sets such as the 1849 set. All sets including Chavet, Lardy, etc are based upon that original standard design. Also, I believe the pre-Staunton sets contained pieces that all looked alike so it was difficult to distinguish one piece from another. Howard Staunton’s design made the pieces easy to distinguish.

Sorry for resurrecting an old thread, however, I would like to add to it.

On March 1, 1849, Nathaniel Cooke patented a design for chess pieces (reference BT 43/57/58607). At the time, most sets were difficult to distinguish and awkward to play. This was a particular problem for international tournaments and helped to standardize the look and proportions for pieces. For example, it used symbols from the Victorian era to represent pieces (i.e. King, Queen, Bishop, Knight, Rook and Pawn) the hierarchy of piece height. Prior to the patent (about 1820), chess pieces were represented with similar symbols when printed in newspapers.

I didn't realize the Knight was based on the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon until I stumbled on it at the British Museum.

Howard Staunton was the top player at the time and Cooke requested he help advertise the pieces. This lead to the design being referred to as Staunton.

Jaques of London became the original manufacturer of the pieces. (Interesting fact, Cooke's daughter married the son of John Jacques... the original owner of Jacques of London).

Most modern sets are derived from this original design, including Lardy and Chavet. Even Dubrovnik and Best Chessmen Ever (BCE) share this Staunton style making the pieces easily recognizable.

The knight tends to be one of the distinguishing pieces between variations because this is the most difficult piece to make. Knights can crate a personality for the set based on it's posture, ears, mane, eyes, etc. Some sets avoid use of crowns on the king to avoid religious symbolism.