a quick database scan tells me that black has > 50% chance to win with any of
2).. nf6
2) nc6
2) bc5
while qf6 is frowned upon, amost no one played it. The three I listed had 2 things in common in my DB... they were the most played, and white fared poorly all of them!
... if you want to know what to do in these situations, try a database that gives the % of win/lose/draw for various opening lines. It is a big help to me. Also, I really do not like e5 for black after e4. It is playable, but black struggles to keep up esp as a beginner.
As to your original question, aside from the database of what moves to make, a queen that comes out early is a target. Try to hit it with a pawn or a minor piece, forcing the opponent to move the queen 2-3 times in their "opening" and falling way behind on deveopment. The key there is that you yourself have to be developing while attacking it, earning tempos against the opponent. That may be challenging at your skill level, but that is the "idea" behind punishing an early queen. If you can't attack the queen somehow, your opponent's move was not bad.
Most of these players are looking to rip you up with the Q by hitting the vulnerable b/g pawns, picking off a rook on a diagonal, finding a quick mate, or other similar tricks to win material. Learning to not let them have anything will win for you.. they keep trying, your position improves and theirs deteriorates. Eventually you will find your moment to make this pay.
1. e4 e5 2. Qf3 Qf6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. d3 d6 5. Qh5 Nh6 6. Bg5 Bg4
(I apologize for not posting a game, I don't know how.)
Basically trading Queens has been my only real strategy as they continually find tactics when I leave the opponents Queen on the board. All help is appreciated. Thank you in advance.