Is there a way to punish 1. d4 c6?

untrue! when I had enough of my toothless scandinavian/slav-wall repertoire and quit chess for a decade or so, tactical training was the only chess I had any fun playing and helped me A LOT to become the 1700 tactician i am now... ALWAYS on the lookout for that rarest of rare smothered mate opportunity

I think 2. f3 should be considered here. We can take more time to establish our center with the defensive play from Black. After 2. d5 we play 3. e4, which would bring us to the Caro-Kann (so if you really don't like it you can play something else). 2. Nf6 would be weak because we can threaten to push the knight with 3. e4. We can pretty much establish a good center no matter what. 2. Qb6 could put pressure on our pawn but after 3. e4 we can bring the knight out onto e2 if we need to. Generally I think 2. f3 is an underrated response here.

Actually, 1, d4 ...c6 is an anti-London idea.

Oh I see. Because of Qb6?

This is a way to state as Black that you can play both the Caro (if 2. e4) and the Slav (if 2.c4)