After 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4, usually you see exd4 (Nxd4 4. Nxd4 exd4 5. Qxd4 puts your Q in the center with no way to dislodge it!) 4. Nxd4
Now you usually see either 5. Nf6, Bc5 or Qh4, the last being the weirdest and least stable.
After 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4, usually you see exd4 (Nxd4 4. Nxd4 exd4 5. Qxd4 puts your Q in the center with no way to dislodge it!) 4. Nxd4
Now you usually see either 5. Nf6, Bc5 or Qh4, the last being the weirdest and least stable.
Steinitz used Qh5 consistently and defeated some first rank masters with this move it is quite playable, the main problem are the sharp lines, which are not easy to fathom. The Scotch itself is a sharp opening where white attempts to seize the initiative from the word go.
The Steinitz has recently been the subject of a book, but I wouldn't recommend it except against ninnies. I have played it years ago, as well as the Bird Var against the Ruy (3...Nd4) and I wouldn't recommend that one either.
Another crafty move 4 is ... Bb4+ to draw out the c-pawn and keep that square from the Queen Kt. But this is not something I'd recommend either, though it is playable.
Well I did know that not that I will not be buying the book I'd rather play over Steinitz games. As for ninnies well I'm not much above that level myself. I think Steinitz would make very short work of me, with or without that variation.
The trouble is us poor players get fed alsorts of ideas about chess that are really little to do with the reasons we lose games. Every stage of the game is frought with difficulties and stumbling blocks that's what makes it so fascinating.
Now I play 3. Bc4, though I am thinking of going back to the Scotch. Against 3...Nf6, I play 4. Ng5 and against 3...Bc5, I play 4. b5 (Evans)
As for what's best against 1. e4, this question has come up endlessly on chess.com. There is no really good answer. GMs seem to prefer the Sicilian. But that doesn't mean it is "best" or even something you would like to play.
You should look at a bunch of different openings and see if any attract you. I play either 1...e5 or 1...e6. It depends on my mood & my opponent.
what are all the possible counters to the scotch game ??