So I've recently been studying the London system, as I'm new to the game, and it seems pretty standard, however, I'm stumped about why you would move c5 when facing the threat of a free pawn capture on d4. Is this just to break up the center, and move Nc6? why would one want to ever play this move?
Black playing c5 is actually a very testing response to the London. It controls the center and establishes some hold on the queenside. Taking on c5 doesn't give White a free pawn. Black will play e6 and Bxc5. White can try to protect the pawn, but it will soon be lost.
From Chess.com's database alone, you will see that Black is doing very well after 3...c5: https://www.chess.com/explorer?moveList=d4+d5+Nf3+Nf6+Bf4+c5&ply=6
So I've recently been studying the London system, as I'm new to the game, and it seems pretty standard, however, I'm stumped about why you would move c5 when facing the threat of a free pawn capture on d4. Is this just to break up the center, and move Nc6? why would one want to ever play this move?