Definitely take a break. I tilted hardcore a few weeks ago. Took a break and then started grinding. It helped.
how can I stop raging when I lose at chess?

For me, I'm immediately stop playing after I'm losing a single game of chess.
losing is a lesson, you can either walk away, or embrace the challenge.

I always get mad how can I stop?
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLTXwNMbhsy4uh2e7swLXpYA-7_2AXTeF3
That's my tilt playlist (of currently 4 videos) If you only have time for one quality video, then watch the second one which is almost an hour long, but it shares all the types of tilt I'm aware of AND it shares the antidote for this type of tilt.
Change your mindset – Losses = lessons.