Broadly speaking there are 2 types of positions.
Type 1
A position with forcing moves (checks, captures, threats). These moves anchor your calculation so to speak. When you threaten checkmate, then it's usually easy to calculate what your opponent's next move will be.
Type 2
A position with no forcing moves. In positions like this you generally seek short term improvement. For example a knight or bishop on its original square is brought into the game. A rook goes on an open file, etc.
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Or to put it another way... in most positions there are no long term plans to remember 
. The nature of the position focuses your thinking on its important elements. In type 1, if your opponent doesn't move according to plan (i.e. doesn't defend against your threat) then you win material or checkmate. In type 2 it doesn't really matter what your opponent does because there were no threats to begin with and you made sure your last move improved your position.
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Of course strong players try to weave it all together. A good move ideally does everything (satisfies the long term goal of playing in a certain area, while also improving a poorly placed piece, and also meeting the tactical needs of the position).
And of course you were also asking something a little different... i.e. how do you not mix up the move order. Well it's a common enough error, you just have to develop the habit of clearing your mind of everything before you move. Relax. Just look only at the position in front of you. Does your intended move make sense? Ok, now you can play it. This goes by many names like blunder checking or "sitting on your hands." But anyway, it's not as if strong players make 3 plans, each with 5 backups. It's more that strong players identify something important in the position, and then act on it. Whether their opponent responds "according to plan" or not shouldn't matter because what made the move good was the nature of the position itself.
I was playing a game earlier where I made a plan that had 4-ish moves I think and I messed it up because I played move 3 before move 1. I got confused and moved my bishop into the path of another piece without dealing with it first using moves 1 and 2 because I forgot that the piece wasn't gone yet.
How do good players remember all the plans they come up with and all the backup plans for their plans when their opponents make moves not according to plan?