Is there any principle of chess to ensure victory
There is no strategy or principle to ensure victory - if there was everyone would be playing the same way. The 'rules' of good play such as controlling the centre as you mention, or capturing towards the centre, passed pawns must be pushed and other such maxims are a useful guide to good play. But what separates a very strong player from a decent player is knowing when it is best to break these rules, based on positional understanding and calculating ability. I will add that the openings you mention do fight for the centre but in a different way. Instead of simply occupying the centre immediately the plan is to control it from afar and if the opponent occupies it to chip at it and weaken it so that you yourself can take over there later.
No. Chess is a concrete game, each position is different and requires specific treatment, a small change can turn the general assessment upside down. Principles are only there to guide the players to find good moves, they are not absolute rules and they often offset each other.
Short answer in no. Chess is not a solved game.
Definition - A solved game is a game whose outcome can be correctly predicted from any position, assuming that both players play perfectly.
Example of a solved game - Connect Four, English draughts (checkers)
Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solved_game#Solved_games
Think about your question for minute. Okay, now take one more minute. Now go ahead and take three more.
Okay, now consider that even the top players lose games. if there was a foolproof strategy, opening, or principle, everyone would use it, never lose any games, and chess would pretty much become obsolete.
So the answer to your question should now be rather obvious.......