Black's play is definitely on the kingside because the knight is headed towards c5 and if b6 then the c-pawn becomes very weak and I don't see any way to get c5 in. So I would most likely play Bg4 threatening to take and ruin Black's king safety, then push f5-f4 and take on e3 at the right moment. If White takes back with a piece then the f-file is opened for the rooks and Black can play for an attack on the king, if White takes back with the pawn then the e3 pawn is very weak and Black can stack heavy pieces on the e-file to go after it.
(hopefully this isn't dead wrong lol)
That's what I thought while in-game as well and sadly most of those ideas aren't liked by the engine. The f-pawn push is such a common theme in a Carlsbad structure and I did go for it. Bg4 is also not liked by the engine. Giving up the bishop pair to ruin that structure doesn't really benefit black at all since white wants to play on the queenside anyways and I don't think there's a way to really attack white's kingside. The engine prefers Qf3, Re8 or Rb8. It actually prefers playing on the queenside after that.
Position arose from:

Queen's Gambit Declined: Cambridge Springs, Capablanca Variation
What are your medium- and long-term plans for black? Perhaps for white as well. Curious since the engine didn't like what I did. Posted it as an image on purpose. Don't put it in the engine. Purely positional, no immediate tactics available.