I think that this is the sort of subject that is considered in discussions of pawns.
Simple Chess by Michael Stean
https://web.archive.org/web/20140708104258/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/review400.pdf
http://store.doverpublications.com/0486424200.html
Pawn Structure Chess by GM Andrew Soltis (2013)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140708101523/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/review908.pdf
The Power of Pawns by GM Jörg Hickl (2016)
https://chessbookreviews.wordpress.com/tag/the-power-of-pawns/
https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/9034.pdf
Chess structures: A Grandmaster Guide
https://chessbookreviews.wordpress.com/tag/chess-structures-a-grandmaster-guide/
https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/7495.pdf
Small Steps to Giant Improvement
https://chessbookreviews.wordpress.com/tag/sam-shankland/
https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/7804.pdf
Pawn Power in Chess by Kmoch
http://store.doverpublications.com/0486264866.html
Understanding Pawn Play in Chess by GM Marovic
http://www.gambitbooks.com/pdfs/Understanding_Pawn_Play_in_Chess.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20140708110136/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/review249.pdf
Dynamic Pawn Play in Chess by GM Drazen Marovic (2001)
http://www.gambitbooks.com/pdfs/Dynamic_Pawn_Play_in_Chess.pdf
http://theweekinchess.com/john-watson-reviews/books-of-many-flavours
Winning Chess Middlegames, An Essential Guide to Pawn Structures by GM Ivan Sokolov (2009)
https://web.archive.org/web/20140708091955/http://www.chesscafe.com/text/review676.pdf
https://www.newinchess.com/media/wysiwyg/product_pdf/922.pdf
Winning Pawn Structures
https://web.archive.org/web/20140718055446/http://chesscafe.com/text/wps.txt
I would like to invite all chess players who are stronger than me to share their knowledge on this topic.
I found 1 interesting article on this topic. This ( https://www.chessonly.com/weak-squares-in-chess/ ) article only covers f7 square which is weakest in the opening. Are there any other weak squares in the opening?