Lagomorph,
You may have missed this important detail from OP:
"Here, white took the pawn on h7. The move was completed on the board, but white's clock ran out of time, before he had the chance to hit it."
No I did not miss that comment from the OP.
I am aware that the "move" took place on the board.
The OP's use of the word "completed" in this context is unhelpful.
FIDE rules refer to a move being "completed" only when the clock has been pressed, which the OP clearly notes that it was not.
I agree that the facts are important. If the players and arbiter agree that the move was made before the flag fell, the position has occurred.