It's not really elo; they use a fairly complicated Glicko rating system. I'll see it I can find the article for you...
Elo adjustment fairness?
i recently played a daily chess game against a higher rated opponent. They were 20+ points higher than myself.. i lost the game, no big deal... but i lost 19 points of elo................... to a HIGHER rated player!!? logic is lost upon me here, can someone with more elo knowledge please explain how this is a thing?
There is no easy formula but chess.com uses the Glicko-2 formula which use a statistical estimate of how accurate your rating is as part of the calculation.
That factor for you, called the Glicko RD, is 90, which is pretty high because you haven't played many games this year and most were against much lower rated opponents. It basically means that the changes in your rating when you lose to someone rated fairly close to you are going to be large.
https://www.chess.com/article/view/chess-ratings---how-they-work
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i recently played a daily chess game against a higher rated opponent. They were 20+ points higher than myself.. i lost the game, no big deal... but i lost 19 points of elo................... to a HIGHER rated player!!? logic is lost upon me here, can someone with more elo knowledge please explain how this is a thing?