@Natalia, kind of discouraging isn't it? I mean what if someone who can potentially become a GM, gives up after reaching 2200 because he thinks he can't even make it to national master...
Quite frankly, I think chess is very unrewarding via titles and such. A guy becomes world champion or challenges the world champion, but is still just another GM.
In Russia 2200 is nothing hehe, why would someone give up after only playing for 2-3 years
Ok, maybe I'm exaggerating a little...
Not that much. There are kids who start studying chess at, let's say, 7. At 8 or 9 they get 1st category (that is about the same as Expert in USA). In another two years they become candidate masters. That is 3-4 years to reach the level of an NM.
I'm not surprised, this is pretty much what I'd been told, but I was told by a non-Russian player so I wasn't sure how true it was. Of course not all the kids can make it to first category strength in 2 years, but the ones that do are given extra help to continue study (is what I had been told).
I was also told that if you walk around telling people "I'm a chess player" they will think you are at least ~2400 strength, there's no such thing as a "chessplayer" being rated 1800
In the United States, a "chessplayer" means you know how the pieces move... well en passant may be a mystery, and still fuzzy on if there can be more than 1 queen with promotions... but the basic moves they know... there is no comparison 


No wonder that some untitled people lead in the "spot a cheapo in 3 seconds" lists. That's not what top-level chess is about. In fact, it leads to detoriation of skills and superficial play. It's like trying to find out who the best mathematician is by asking questions such as 6*7.
Compared to amateurs masters calculate a) deeper b) more precisely, e.g. with less mistakes c) they know what to calculate, and what not to, i.e. spend their time more wisely d) systematically, e.g. not going over the same lines over and over again
You sound like you have only seen CTS, and even for that you're underestimating the effect. The tactics trainer here on chess com and the one on chess tempo give much more time than 3 seconds for "non-cheapo" type of problems, and are actually the most helpful training tools ever created in my opinion (together with Chess Mentor perhaps). I'm 100% sure training at tactics sites don't lead to "detoriation of skills" if it's done wisely, although I agree the slower ones (and in fact untimed ones) are more beneficial.