I don't count the patterns I know (theoretical endgames or not), but there are certainly many core ones that are key for chess understanding.
how many Theoretical endgames in chess
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There are several hundred essential theoretical chess endgames (approx. 300-600) to be a expert 2000 elo you need know around 100 theoretical endgames and the best book for that is 100 Endgames You Must Know.
for practical Endgames they are infinite you need to study and review them until you retired from chess .
Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual would be a good book for that