General consensus is that backward pawns are weak and that two pawns shoulder to shoulder are strong. However, players like La Bourdonnais, Lasker, Boleslavsky, Fischer, Sveshnikov, Kasparov, Carlsen have voluntarily accepted backward pawns provided they got sufficient dynamic compensation i.e. piece activity for the static weakness of the backward pawn.
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Hi, I have found a neat heuristic in the chess games of Paul Morphy. He always avoids the backward pawn (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backward_pawn) and likes the phalanx (A pawn-phalanx occurs when 2 or more pawns are placed alongside each other).
He only uses the backward pawn structure to kick enemy pieces. As a reference, you can check the games of Paul Morphy here:
https://www.chessgames.com/player/paul_morphy.html