Why don't you open up one of those books and read it?
All your questions will be answered.
These are common terms.
Passed pawn is a pawn with no pawn in front of it or on either file adjacent: If you have a pawn of d4, for instance, and Black does not have a c-, d- or e-pawn, White has a passed pawn.
A Weak pawn is a fairly vague term. Usually it means one that is easy to attack but not easy to defend. Either is has been advanced to where it can't be propped up by a fellow pawn, or it is backwards and on a half-open file.
An Isolated pawn is one with no other friendly pawn on an adjacent file. The most famous isolated pawn is the d-pawn, which is often created by aggressive opening play. It is not necessarily weak, and learning how to deal with such pawns (either as yours or your oppponent's) is valuable and will massively improve your skills.
A Poisoned pawn is just a tactical trick. A player leaves a pawn open to attack or capture and if you take it, the mousetrap snaps on you.
passed pawn - a pawn that has been overlooked for a promotion yet again (usually the bosses prefer the bishops)
weak pawn - a pawn that needs to hit the gym more
an isolated pawn - also know as a hermit pawn; they are easily identified by their old, ripped clothes and funky smell
poisoned pawn - usually laced with arsenic but lately they've been using tainted ecstacy from british columbia
(sorry, i was bored this morning)
Judging from the number of chess books out there, it appears chess has become quite theoretical. How would you define the following:
Passed pawn
Weak pawn
Isolated pawn
Poisned(sp?) pawn