Psychological Warfare

Some of the best pieces of advice I had received from my Chess tutor is about psychological warfare. I have a current FIDE rating of 1749 (USCF 1813) and some of my hardest games were fought with psychology. Some of the advice he gave me were:

1. Never try to win in a clearly equal position. Rather, wear the enemy out and stay sharp yourself to grab any chances. If you try to win, you will risk too much and if you have a good opponent, he can defend well and will end up with the upper hand
2. Against someone with a higher rating and one you don't have to win against: offer a draw in a roughly equal position. If he accepts, great. If he declines, he will be pressured to win and much of the time, he will fall into the first mistake: trying to win in an equal position
3. If the opponent offers you a draw, never come to a straight decision (UNLESS it is a clearly won position AND you run into time problems).
4. Rather, look clearly at the position. Most of the time, when your opponent offers a draw, he has lost the will to fight (unless he is using no. 2) and you should just use rule 1 and wait for a mistake.
5. In time trouble, repeat moves (but careful not to run into a draw) to get to the 40 move limit for an extra 30 minutes, or if you have 90min+30sec, repeat moves until you are out of time trouble.

Interesting ideas. In 3. what if the position is a pretty drawish endgame or if the opponent has an advantage? 

Thank you for sharing this advice. 

Do you think this type of strategy is what critics of Carlsen were accusing him of when they said, "he waited for his opponent to make a mistake?"

I have a theory that if you twist a captured piece (a knight would probably work best) near a certain part of the board, hopefully your opponent will look at what you are doing and it will direct his gaze to a certain part of the board. This could be helpful if you made a bad move and you don't want your opponent to see it. I hope that this advice is helpful to you.

#1 is very good advice.  Not that the others are bad, but this is probably the best out of all of them.