It is based on the numerical value of the pieces... A pawn is with 1, bishop and Knight 3, rook 5, Queen 9. + is advantage to white, - is advantage to black. So if the position is level on material but the machine gives +1.5 evaluation it means that whites positional advantage is worth 1.5 Pawns.
What does the value of the score in analysis mean?
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What does the absolute value of the score mean. e.g. 1.0, 2.5, 13.0