It's a tough question to answer. I (and many others) could literally talk for hours about various ideas and patterns.
I know this because recently I was asked to type up an intro to chess. I decided to cover basic ideas in a few different areas like openings, strategy, and endgame. 10 hours of typing and diagrams later I felt like I had covered many (not all) of the extremely basic things a beginner should know.
So the question is too open ended.
For example here's a basic pattern even many low rated players are very familiar with. The bishop covers all the knight's forward squares:
---
Here's another. In 2 moves (or less) a centralized knight can attack any square on the board except the 5 marked below.
And the list would go on and on and on and on
---
So in addition to what @ivanovitchcm88 mentioned, play a lot of games, review your games, and look at GM games. Whenever a position is particularly interesting or instructive to you, save it. You can, for example, take a picture of it and save it in a folder with a few notes.
The more you play and study, the more this folder will grow, and you'll have a collection of "tips and tricks" tailored just for you.
And although it's a bit of an afterthought, here's a youtube series you might find useful:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ao9iOeK_jvU
Can anybody share some chess tricks and tips with me? I also think it will be helpful to others!