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Domenyk

After 1.c4 Nf6 2.g3 d5 3.Bg2 dxc4 5.d4 every chess engine tells me the best move for Black will be capturing en passant right away (which is why I never thought about playing d4 as White here). Still, in the databases Black refuses to capture the pawn in all games. What’s the matter here?

JS: Let's look at the position in question:

The Start of a Mystery
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1. c4 Nf6 2. g3 d5 3. Bg2 dxc4

The position after 3...dxc4 (created by various move orders) has occurred many times with grandmasters and amateurs alike, and it’s still being used today. The most popular (and logical) responses (by far!) are 4.Qa4+ and 4.Na3. Lower-rated players (2300 and down) sometimes play 4.Nf3 but it’s rarely seen in the higher levels of the game. In any case, after 4.Nf3 White usually still plays Na3.

Of course, in blitz everything goes:

Mikhail Tal vs. Wolfgang Uhlmann
Herceg Novi blitz 1970 | ECO: A15 | 1-0
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1. g3 d5 2. Bg2 Nf6 3. c4 dxc4We've reached the main position. 4. Nf3 Nbd7 5. O-O a66. Na3 c5 7. Nxc4 e6 8. d4 Rb8 9. Bf4 Ra8?Don't forget that this is blitz! 10. dxc5 Nxc511. Qxd8+ Kxd8 12. Rfd1+ Nfd7 13. Nb6 Ra714. Bb8, 1-0. Sorry Mr. Uhlmann (who was a very strong grandmaster in his prime), I’m sure you were hoping this abomination would never be drudged out of the primordial slime again. I deeply apologize.

Now we can address 4.d4??, which is a horrible move.

An Awful Move!
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1. c4 Nf6 2. g3 d5 3. Bg2 dxc4 4. d4??

Let’s give it a name. How about "The I want to lose gambit"?

Of the eight games I’ve seen with this position, with Black being very strong players (Black won seven and lost one), none of them played 4...cxd3 e.p.

chess pawns

So what’s going on?

You would think ALL of those titled players (Botvinnik was White and lost to Geller...Geller did not take en passant) would play 4...cxd3 e.p. Are we facing a HUGE mystery? Are we living in an alternative reality? Well, it’s clear that this is extremely confusing, BUT THERE IS A REASON FOR ALL THIS!

This might help:

CAN TAKE en passant

en passant rules
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4... cxd3

CANNOT TAKE en passant

en passant is illegal
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Two identical positions, but one can take en passant, and the other can’t!

It’s clear that the End of Days is upon us!!! Run! Run and find safety!

the end is nearOkay, I’ve enjoyed this more than enough (and I admit, to my shame, that I was confused too when I saw the initial CAN TAKE position), so here’s the solution.

The CAN TAKE position and basic en passant rules:

Basic en passant Rules
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1. c4 Nf6 2. g3 d5 3. Bg2 dxc4 4. d4Let’s take a quick look at the en passant rules: If a White pawn uses his-two move rule (and White’s last move, 5.d4, did indeed use the two move rule), and a Black pawn is on that pawn’s side, the side pawn can capture (5...cxd3). This only works, though, if you use the en passant rule right away. In other words, if you didn’t take en passant on move 5, but decided to do it a move later (on move 6), the en passant is no longer legal. The obvious followup goes like this: 4... cxd3and White’s position is already lost (weak d-pawn after 6.exd3 and also a pawn down).

 

Just in case a reader had trouble with en passant, here's another example:

Another en passant example | 1/2-1/2
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1. d4Making use of the two-move pawn rule.1... exd3Black didn’t have to capture White’s pawn, but since it’s a dead draw anyway, why not end the game with en passant. Note that if Black played(1... Ke6and White responded with 2. Kc4Black can NOT take en passant since Black had to use it right away or not at all.)2. Kxd3, 1/2-1/2.

So, after White’s five moves (1.c4 Nf6 2.g3 d5 3.Bg2 dxc4 5.d4), all the en passant rules work: White played 5.d2-d4 (using the two-move rule), Black’s c-pawn is on the White’s side, and 5...cxd3en passant is legal and good.

The CANNOT TAKE en passant

Now look at how the same position was created: 1.d4 Nf6 2.g3 d5 3.c4 dxc4 4.Bg2

An innocent change in move order changes everything
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1. d4 Nf6 2. g3 d5 3. c4 dxc4 4. Bg2Though this position is identical with the other, and though White’s d-pawn used the two-move rule, en passant is illegal. Why? Because en passant had to be used immediately after White’s d-pawn moved to d4. Since 1.d4 was the first move (meaning there could not be any enemy pawn next to the d-pawn), en passant (against the d-pawn) was gone on move one! Finally, after 4.Bg2 the reply 4... e5!gives Black an obvious advantage since Black’s a pawn up (In some lines Black has to give the pawn back but has a positional advantage.) and he’s threatening the d4-pawn too. If5. Qa4+(5. dxe5 Qxd1+ 6. Kxd1 Ng4 7. Nh3 Nxe5, etc.)5... Qd7 6. Qxd7+(6. Qxc4 Qxd4)6... Nbxd7 7. dxe5 Nxe5 8. Bf4 Bd6 9. Na3Be6!?(9... c6!? 10. Bxe5 Bxe5 11. Nxc4 Bc7also favors Black thanks to his two bishops.)10. Nb5 Rd8and Black is clearly in charge.

The mystery is solved and, in the future, we might be careful about identical positions that were created by a different move order.

The Chess.com member Anita2000 wrote:

I’d like to share a game with you I just played. It is one of those rare games that wasn’t decided by blunders (which still happens quite often on my level). It was actually decided by my time running out (which always happens to me in rapid games, but I just can’t stop trying to find the best move). But apart from my time trouble I still was a pawn down in the end and felt like I was losing here. Analyzing with the engines though, I was surprised my opponent and I made pretty good moves throughout the game. Actually both Black and White had, apart from three inaccuracies from Black and one (minor) mistake from White, mainly excellent rated moves! So I don’t really get where I lost the game...I felt like I wasn’t really able to build real pressure, what could have been a better strategy for Black here?

JS: Well, there were some blunders but they added to the overall thrills. The game is quite interesting and instructive. With that, and the fact that the Caro-Kann was (long ago) my favorite opening, makes this irresistible.

pRoryMurphy (1631) vs. Anita2000 (1489)
chess.com 2018 | 30 minute | 1-0
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1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. e5 c5!?3...Bf5 is the most popular move, but if 3...c5 actually works (Many grandmasters are trying to make that dream a reality...others though don’t quite trust it.) then the Caro-Kann aficionados will run into the streets in ecstasy and send huge Caro-Kann balloons high into the sky. I will say that, while I was still playing in tournaments I played both 3...Bf5 and 3...c5. 4. Nf3White has tried (and continues to try) many moves here: 4.dxc5 is very popular, 4.c4 is tricky, and obvious moves like 4.c3 and 4.Nf3 continue to be used. 4... cxd4A good move and played by many grandmasters. However, most amateurs fear pawn tension and this makes them trade pawns as quickly as possible. In fact tension, in many cases, will be your friend if you try and avoid it since your opponent will freak out and end the tension himself. As I said, 4...cxd4 is