pompom - if I understand the rules correctly, I think white can play 1. Bc5+ and however black replys 2. Qf7#?
Fairy Chess Problem

Can you put pieces on the board into check in bughouse? "can't put pieces on in check" was always a rule when I played at school.

That is solely dependant on the variant (which there are many of).
According to Wikipedia, for the normal variant - "Pieces in reserve or on deck may be placed on any vacant square, including squares where the piece delivers check or checkmate".
I believe this is also the case here, otherwise It doesn't seem possible to force checkmate.
Black does have pieces in hand, but they don't matter since he will be checkmated.
Also, assume that you cannot get any more pieces in hand, and also assume that your partner isn't in trouble on the other board (although in bughouse you have to check the other board before you sacrafice).
Besides, there are no sacrafices in this problem.
So... white to move and mate in 2.