My sources are from https://historicalgames.neocities.org/Medieval/chess.html
Medieval Chess
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During the Middle Ages, the rules of the game were slightly different from modern times. Queens could only move one space diagonally, and bishops only two spaces diagonally. Pawns could only move one space per turn and, upon reaching the other side of the board, could only be exchanged for queens.
Also, red and white were the most popular colors for the board and pieces, although blue, black, or other colors could be substituted for red.
On special occasions, Medieval people might play a life-size version of the game with people in costumes acting the part of the pieces on a floor made to look like a game board.