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Improving Requires Extensive Practice Looking for Better Moves

One of my favorite articles is The Fun of Pros and Cons (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman94.pdf), where I begin with a set of key observations:

"●     If you want to be a better player, you have to make better moves.

● If you want to make better moves, you have to make better 

decisions about the moves you play.

● If you want to make better decisions, you have to at least compare 

different moves to see how good they are (based on your 

evaluation of the positions resulting from those moves).

●     If you want to compare different moves, you can’t just consider 

one move or idea."

Most of the non-advanced students I teach begin with the misconception that they can play relatively quickly and, by reading books to acquire knowledge and applying more general principles, they can slowly improve toward expert and master level. While it is true you can improve from beginner toward intermediate this way, at some point you have to face the fact that many positions require careful analysis to find good moves.

The skills required for that careful analysis are not developed by learning more about openings or endgames, but rather by playing many long-time control games, making many, many moves very slowly and carefully, and learning and practicing the various sub-skills involved in analysis. These sub-skills include visualization (the ability to keep track of the pieces as you move them around in your head), the ability to identify pertinent candidate moves, criticality assessment (recognizing which positions more likely affect the possible outcome), and the ability to know when the analysis is finished (such as avoiding quiesent errors or its cousin, analyzing too far with no relevance). I discuss these in articles such as Improving Analysis Skills (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman45.pdf), Bootstrapping Analysis Skills (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman89.pdf), and Analysis Tips (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman139.pdf).

The other big skill to develop is evaluation, which is looking at a position to determine which side is better, how much better, and why. When finding chess moves you need to analyze to arrive at possible candidate positions, and then evaluate to see how good these positions are. The combination of these skills helps you in your "move goal", which is to play the best move you can in a reasonable amount of time.

Only by carefully making moves this way thousands of times can you improve your skills. Of course, sometimes practicing this analysis with a strong player or listening to them analyze is a key method for improvement, so players with access to such friends or helpers have a big advantage.

In any case, just picking up opening and endgame knowledge, sprinkled with some good guidelines will only carry you so far. As one player tweeted to me (I paraphrase): "Dan, you finally convinced me. I now realize that, in order to become a good player, at some point I am going to have to learn how to slow down and analyze carefully - do the hard work when necessary; picking up more chess knowledge is not enough."

He's right - there's no magic involved, but to "Hand-Wave" (pick your moves in analytical positions by using principles and knowledge, rather than using slow and careful analysis) all your moves, as you might do if you are in the habit of playing Fast and Intermediate Time Controls (see http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman115.pdf), will slow if not stop your progress indefinitely.

Hit a wall in your progress? This might be why. The other main reason you might hit a wall is playing Hope Chess: not consistently checking to see if your move is safe, i.e., can be defeated by an opponent reply of a check, capture, or threat that cannot be met. See http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman10.pdf.

Comments


  • 8 months ago

    Crosshaven

    Another amazing article, thank you Mr. Heisman

  • 8 months ago

    Stefan77

    This article is fantastic and helped me immensely. 

  • 8 months ago

    NM danheisman

    Snakehandler: Thanks for asking. Howard Stern was my student until Feb 2011 when he quit playing "cold turkey". He was a wonderful student, very gracious and willing to learn. You can read more about it at http://main.uschess.org/content/view/10340/568/. - Regards, Dan H

  • 8 months ago

    snakehandler

    Just finished master Heisman's book: "The Improving Chess Thinker". It is a real eye opener. Highly recommended! Thank you very much Mr.Heisman, love your work. Btw, Howard Stern is a very good chess player, I saw a video on You Tube  recently where he displayed impressive skill in Budapest Gambit. I heard he's your student, is that true?

  • 8 months ago

    Kingpatzer

    LeakestWink I'm not a chess professional, a titled player or a chess coach. But I would guess that coaching chess is not unlike coaching other activities. I've spent time as a martial arts instructor, guitar teacher and a scuba instructor. In all three of those arenas, I've found that there really are a finite number of problems students have. 

    What makes each situation unique is what the student needs to hear in order to connect the dots between where they are, struggling with their problems and where they need to be confident in the ability to deal with a challenge.

    Dan's been writing for a very long time. He's invariably going to have plenty of material he can and should reference in order to help people find ways to connect those dots.  

  • 8 months ago

    NM danheisman

    LeakestWink - Thanks. Yes, I tried to make clear all my links were to my articles for further detail; that's not meant to be deceiving. This is just a blog. But none of these articles contains all the key points made in this blog. The closest was my first link to my Chess Cafe article The Fun of Pros and Cons Smile

  • 8 months ago

    LeakestWink

    Good advice, but I have to make the observation that this is a fanciful example of "cross-posting." Most of the real content is found in the links, not in this post. For example, one of your favorite articles turns out to be your own work, originally created for another website.

  • 8 months ago

    NM danheisman

    ChrisWainscott - thanks. There is a lot of material on the big subject of how to evaluate positions (e.g. see my column Evaluation Criteria http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman27.pdf and others like Activity Is the Real Goal at http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman63.pdf and a personal favorite, Not All Bads are Equal http://www.chesscafe.com/text/heisman114.pdf) and many positional books by IMs and GMs. I learned how to do it primarily from reading many annotated master games and reviewing games with opponents and strong players. Interestingly, my first book Elements of Positional Evaluation (written in 1974 and now in its 4th edition) is NOT about evaluating positions, but instead how to evaluate whether the elements of the position, especially each piece, are good or bad. Thus the subtitle How the Pieces Get Their Power.

  • 8 months ago

    ChrisWainscott

    In my example of a better placed piece vs superior pawn structure you can subsitute any two items for those.  Bishop pair vs. piece activity, etc.

  • 8 months ago

    ChrisWainscott

    I'm interested in learning more about HOW to evaluate the resulting positions.

    For example, if I'm evaluating two lines and one leads to a material gain and the other has no perceptible advantage then that's easy to evaluate.

    Or if one leads to a positional edge like a strong outpost and the other has no perceptible edge then that's easy to evaluate.

    What's not so easy to evaluate is when one leads to a better placed piece and the other leads to a superior pawn structure, etc.

    Is that something that can only be learned by experience?

  • 8 months ago

    Ironknight777

    Interesting

  • 8 months ago

    chokeschew

    Very interesting. Will try.

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