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Horatio Caro: Historical Chess
Horatio Caro, circa 1905

Horatio Caro: Historical Chess

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Chess Openings define the game as we know it, from the complicated Ruy Lopez, to the tricky Sicilian Defense, all the way to the basics of Queen's Gambit (all of which hold their own variations); these fantastic game changers alter the way each game is played, and keeps chess unique at every game. 

One such opening is the Caro-Kann defense, which black can play after e2-e4, ( "-" representing "to") by responding with c7-c6. This was arguably the most important work of Horatio Caro's career as a chess player; through the analysis of Marcus Kann's games and later, the application of the defense in his own games, which were later published in the Brüderschaft (Brotherhood), which released on the 30th of October 1886; the magazine depicted games he played with the likes of Münchoff & Dr.Lasker (Emanuel Lasker's elder brother Berthold Lasker). This section could be found in (202-204), (219), (222) and (354-355) the last of which held his analysis of the opening's solidity, etc.. He had called it Caro's Opening when referencing a game between von Bardeleben and Caro played in Berlin somewhat earlier in that year and titled the matter under "On the Theory of Opening" in pg.202.

Now, to actually analyze the games played between Caro and his opponents using the Caro-Kann defense. 

In this game white resigned due to their quite horrible position, but even after the opening; once Bd6 was played, black had a slight 0.2 advantage in the field which increased after 0-0 and then later Caro exploited; of course the rest of the game went on with some inaccuracies here and there, but alas the defense seemed to yield fantastic results.
Here we see a much more classical Caro-Kann defense, white resigned once more; but the game was much longer and complex. Here is what would have happened if the game continued...
Presuming Ka1 was played. If Kc1 then something like h5 would be likely.
Nevertheless, the Caro-Kann was played, and it netted him (by the end) a 4.0 advantage, with some serious checkmate potential! Horatio Caro analyzed Kann's games and applied this strategy to his own games; and they both eventually gave it a name in chess as a serious, considerable defense for black after white kicks it all off with e4. Of course eventually the Tartakower variation or Fantasy for those who are unfamiliar with the former, was popularized when Savielly Tartakower played in his professional years, which is rather unsurprising as he has a Dutch Defense, Queen's Gambit Declined, Torre Attack, and Caro-Kann variations named after him; a player definitely worth covering at a later date.
Horatio Caro died at age 58 on the 15th of December 1920, the cause of death is unknown and the only record stating his death is that of a workhouse, discharging him due to the fact he was dead. Horatio Caro played against many foes, most of which took place in Berlin; although he did lose to Mieses and Emmanuel Lasker, his contributions to chess are undeniable, his potency in play fell short of more powerful opponents, but nevertheless, his name is remembered throughout chess.
Sources: 

        Saviely Tartakower. Chess Games Database. (n.d.). https://www.365chess.com/players/Saviely_Tartakower

Upham, J. (2021, December 15). Remembering Horatio Caro (05-VII-1862 15-XII-1920). British Chess News. https://britishchessnews.com/2020/12/15/remembering-horatio-caro-05-vii-1862-15-xii-1920/

     Winter, E. (n.d.). The Caro-Kann Defence. The Caro-Kann Defence by Edward Winter. https://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/carokann.html