Where did the Max Lange Mate get its name?

The actual origin of this position and the "game" score which it comes from is unclear.  But it is likely that it was not from an actual game but instead it was the result of Anderssen and Lange analyzing possibilities in the Spanish Game opening, in Breslau 1859.  It is speculated that they were preparing for the arrival of Morphy who would be coming to Europe soon after.  Regardless, it's a great position with a forced Mate-in-8 technically, but this is only because White has 2 silly delaying moves he can play, but they are superfluous to the problem.  If you pretend the Bishop on g3 is not there, it's more appropriately a Mate-in-6.  This sounds daunting but it's the first 3 moves which are the most interesting after which the remaining 3 moves are a clear Mate-in-3 which are a simple execution of the Famously named mating pattern, the Max Lange Mate.

You can read more about this game/analysis on the Chess History - Classic Game: Anderssen - Lange website