Characteristics of the structure of pawns after castling kingside

Every structure has it's own advantages and disadvantages wich you have to know in order to defend the king properly.

In the following positions white can't attack, only defend (so engine evaluations become useless).

-No pawns pushed

If you don't push any pawn:

+It's the most flexible position

+Great control over all the squares in front of the king

+No tempos used on moving pawns

+Faster structure to achieve

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-Allows greek gifts

-Black can pin the pawns easier

-Weak against back rank attacks

-H3 pushed

( Obviously we pretend like the queen can't attack as it's just a pin example )

If you push h3:

+More control control over the white squares

+Flexible 

+Strong against back rank attacks

+A nice space for the black squared bishop on h2

+Good to defend against pawn breaks

+Defends g4 wich is a very important square

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-Allows sacrifices on h3

-Allows sacrifices on g4 to open the h file and free the rook if black hasn't castled kingside ( Marshall attack for example )

-Makes a great outpost on h4

-Weak against g file attacks

-G3 pushed

( The white queen can't attack, it's there just to simulate a defending position )

If you push g3:

+A lot of control over the black squares

+Less backrank weaknesses

+More space for the king

+Great space for a bishop on g2

+Strong against g file threats

+Strong against b8-h2 diagonal attacks

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-The position depends on the white square bishop

-Weak against pawn breaks

-Weak against knights

-Makes outposts on g3 and h3

-F3 pushed

This position has many weaknesses as the a7-g1 diagonal is open and it's easy to force the king to h1 where there are a lot of traps so I'm just gonna show some tactical motifs

In most cases it's just a bad move and you have to be very sure that it's playable on the position

-G3 and H4 pushed

( We imagine that white can't attack, it's a defending position)

If you push g3 and h4:

+Great control over the black squares

+Plenty of room for the king

+Good squares for other pieces around the king (specially the white square bishop)

+Strong against b8-h2 and a7-g1 diagonal attacks

+Great against back rank attacks

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-Not flexible

-Weak against h file attacks

-Vulnerale to black's g pawn

-Black's pieces also have nice a nice outpost on h3