En passant
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En passant is a special chess rule allowing pawns to capture a pawn that has just passed it.
History:
In early versions of chess, the pawn could not advance two squares on its first move. The two-square advance was introduced later, between the 13th and 16th centuries, to speed up games. The en passant capture may have been introduced at that time, or it may have come later; references to en passant captures appear in the books by the 16th-century Spanish chess master Ruy López de Segura.
The en passant capture was one of the last major additions to European chess. In some parts of Europe, particularly in Italy, there was no such rule like this. But in 1880, Italy adopted the rules used by the rest of the world, including the en passant capture, in preparation for the 1881 Milan tournament.
Rules:
The conditions for a pawn to capture an enemy pawn en passant are as follows:
- the enemy pawn advanced two squares on the previous turn;
- the capturing pawn attacks the square that the enemy pawn passed over.
If these conditions are met, the capturing pawn can move diagonally forward to the square that the enemy pawn passed, capturing the enemy pawn as if it had moved only one square. If the right to capture en passant is not exercised immediately, it is lost. Making the capture is optional, unless there is no other legal move.
Examples:
- Basic
- a4 bxa3
- Forced en passant checkmate
- Qe4+ d5
- cxd6# or exd6#
Puzzel to solve:
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