'The Most Significant Landmarks of CHESS HISTORY'
1. 6TH CENTURY CE
The origins of chess can be traced back to ancient India, during the Gupta dynasty in the 6th century. The game was known as chaturanga, which means “four divisions.” The pieces of the game represented the four divisions of the army- elephants, chariots, cavalry, and infantry. The game was played on a board of 8×8 squares, similar to the modern-day chessboard.
Over time, the game spread to other countries, including the Middle East and Europe. It underwent several changes, including the modernization of the pieces, board, and rules. The game became known as chess, and it is now played globally, with over 172 countries participating.
2.1948 FIDE BECOMES THE OFFICIAL GOVERNING BODY OF CHESS
The International Chess Federation (FIDE) is the governing body of the sport of chess, and it regulates all international chess competitions. Constituted as a non-governmental institution, it was recognized by the International Olympic Committee as a Global Sporting Organization in 1999.
FIDE currently has its headquarters in Lausanne, but it was initially founded in 1924 in Paris under the motto “Gens una Sumus” (Latin for “We are one Family”). It was one of the very first International Sports Federations, alongside the governing bodies of the sports of Football, Cricket, Swimming, and Auto Racing. It is now one of the largest, encompassing 199 countries as affiliate members, in the form of National Chess Federations. Chess is nowadays a truly global sport, with dozens of millions of players in all the continents, and more than 60 million games on average played every day.
3.1972 FISCHER DEFEATS SPASSKY IN THE WORLD CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP
The World Chess Championship 1972 was a match for the World Chess Championship between challenger Bobby Fischer of the United States and defending champion Boris Spassky of the Soviet Union. The match took place in the Laugardalshöll arena in Reykjavík, Iceland, and has been dubbed the Match of the Century. Fischer became the first American born in the United States to win the world title, and the second American overall (Wilhelm Steinitz, the first world champion, became a naturalized American citizen in 1888). Fischer's win also ended, for a short time, 24 years of Soviet domination of the World Championship.
The first game was played on July 11, 1972. The last game (the 21st) began on August 31, was adjourned after 40 moves, and Spassky resigned the next day without resuming play. Fischer won the match 12½–8½, becoming the eleventh undisputed world champion.The 1972 World Championship match between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky is regarded as one of the most critical moments in the history of chess, occurring 50 years ago.
4.'THE QUEEN'S GAMBIT' BECOMES A HIT-NETFLIX SERIES 
The Queen's Gambit follows the life of an orphan chess prodigy, Elizabeth Harmon, during her quest to become an elite chess player while struggling with emotional problems, drugs and alcohol dependency. The title of the series refers to a chess opening of the same name. The story is set in the mid-1950s and 1960s. n October 2020, the series was the most watched show on Netflix in the United States. On November 23, 2020, Netflix announced that the series had been watched by 62 million households since its release,becoming "Netflix's biggest scripted limited series to date.Of this, Scott Frank stated "I am both delighted and dazed by the response" while several outlets characterized it as an "unlikely success" The series topped the Nielsen's U.S. streaming rankings for the weeks of October 26 to November 1, November 2 to 8, and November 9 to 15, 2020, making it the first series to do so for three weeks straight.
The Queen's Gambit won eleven Primetime Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Limited or Anthology Series, becoming the first show on a streaming service to win the category.The series also won two Golden Globe Awards: Best Limited Series or Television Film and Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for Taylor-Joy. She also won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie.
